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FEC can be applied in situations where re-transmissions are costly or impossible, such as one-way communication links or when transmitting to multiple receivers in [[multicast]].
Long-latency connections also benefit; in the case of a satellite orbiting [[Uranus]], retransmission due to errors can create a delay of five hours.
FEC processing in a receiver may be applied to a digital bit stream or in the demodulation of a digitally modulated carrier. For the latter, FEC is an integral part of the initial [[Analog-to-digital converter|analog-to-digital conversion]] in the receiver. The [[Viterbi decoder]] implements a [[Soft-decision decoder|soft-decision algorithm]] to demodulate digital data from an analog signal corrupted by noise. Many FEC decoders can also generate a [[bit-error rate]] (BER) signal which can be used as feedback to fine-tune the analog receiving electronics.
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