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===Civil war===
The conflict between [[MPLA]] and [[UNITA]] raged on in the countryside, fueled by the geopolitics of the [[Cold War]] and by the ability of both parties to access Angola's natural resources. The [[MPLA]] drew upon the revenues of off-shore oil resources, while UNITA accessed alluvial [[Conflict diamond|diamonds]] that were easily smuggled through the region's very porous borders (LeBillon, 1999).
In 1991, the factions agreed to the [[Bicesse Accords]] which were intended to convert Angola from a one-party authoritarian government into a multiparty state with democratic elections in 1992. President dos Santos led the first round of the election with more than 49% of the vote to Jonas Savimbi's 40%. After claims of fraud, civil war again broke out, and the final runoff election never took place.
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