File system fragmentation: Difference between revisions

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Hierarchical File System now redirects to Hierarchical file system, which is about the concept; Hierarchical File System (Apple) is the new name for the page about the Mac HFS.
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===Preventing fragmentation===
Preemptive techniques attempt to keep fragmentation atto a minimum at the time data is being written on the disk. The simplest is appending data to an existing fragment in place where possible, instead of allocating new blocks to a new fragment.
 
Many of today's file systems attempt to preallocatepre-allocate longer chunks, or chunks from different free space fragments, called [[extent (file systems)|extent]]s to files that are actively appended to. This largely avoids file fragmentation when several files are concurrently being appended to, thus avoiding their becoming excessively intertwined.<ref name=mcvoy-extent/>
 
If the final size of a file subject to modification is known, storage for the entire file may be preallocated. For example, the [[Microsoft Windows]] [[swap file]] (page file) can be resized dynamically under normal operation, and therefore can become highly fragmented. This can be prevented by specifying a page file with the same minimum and maximum sizes, effectively preallocating the entire file.