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In [[communication]]s and [[computing]] a '''machine-readable medium''', or '''computer-readable medium''', is a [[recording medium|medium]] capable of storing [[Data (computing)|data]] in a format easily readable by a digital computer or mechanical device (rather than [[human readable]]).
The result is called '''machine-readable data''' or '''computer-readable data'''.
==Data==
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''Machine readable'' is not synonymous with ''digitally accessible''. A digitally accessible document may be online, making it easier for humans to access via computers, but its content is much harder to extract, transform, and process via computer programming logic if it is not machine-readable.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.data.gov/developers/blog/primer-machine-readability-online-documents-and-data|title=A Primer on Machine Readability for Online Documents and Data|date=2012-09-24|work=Data.gov|access-date=2015-02-27}}
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[[Extensible Markup Language]] (XML) is designed to be both human- and machine-readable, and Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT) is used to improve the presentation of the data for human readability. For example, XSLT can be used to automatically render XML in [[Portable Document Format]] ([[PDF]]). Machine-readable data can be automatically transformed for human-readability but, generally speaking, the reverse is not true.
For purposes of implementation of the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) Modernization Act, the [[Office of Management and Budget]] (OMB) defines "machine readable format" as follows: "Format in a standard computer language (not English text) that can be read automatically by a web browser or computer system. (e.g.; xml). Traditional word processing documents and portable document format (PDF) files are easily read by humans but typically are difficult for machines to interpret. Other formats such as extensible markup language ([[XML]]), ([[JSON]]), or spreadsheets with header columns that can be exported as comma separated values (CSV) are machine readable formats. As HTML is a structural markup language, discreetly labeling parts of the document, computers are able to gather document components to assemble tables of contents, outlines, literature search bibliographies, etc. It is possible to make traditional word processing documents and other formats machine readable but the documents must include enhanced structural elements."<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/a11.pdf OMB Circular A-11, Part 6] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422172616/https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/a11.pdf |date=2020-04-22 }}, Preparation, Submission, and Execution of the Budget</ref>
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Examples of machine-readable media include magnetic media such as [[Disk storage|magnetic disk]]s, cards, [[magnetic tape|tapes]], and [[magnetic drum|drums]], [[punched card]]s and [[paper tape]]s, [[optical disc]]s, [[barcode]]s and [[Magnetic Ink Character Recognition|magnetic ink characters]].
Common machine-readable technologies include magnetic recording, processing [[waveform]]s, and [[barcode]]s. [[Optical character recognition]] (OCR) can be used to enable machines to read information available to humans. Any information retrievable by any form of energy can be machine-readable.
Examples include:
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==References==
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{{FS1037C}}
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