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== Scientific developments leading up to the theory ==
Early in the 19th century, scientists had already recognized that Earth has been inhabited by living creatures for a very long time. On the other hand, they did not understand what mechanisms actually drove [[Biodiversity|biological diversity]]. They also did not understand how [[Trait (biology)|physical traits]] are inherited from one generation to the next. [[Blending inheritance]] was the common ideal at the time, but was later discredited by the experiments of Gregor Mendel. Mendel proposed the theory of particulate inheritance by using [[pea]] plants (''Pisum sativum'') to explain how variation can be inherited and maintained over time.{{cn|date=March 2023}}
=== Blending model versus particulate model ===
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==== Law of segregation ====
Mendel's experiment with tall and short pea plants demonstrates how each individual plant has two particles called [[alleles]]. When a pea plant produces [[gametes]] (reproductive cells), it segregates one allele to each one.{{cn|date=March 2023}}
==== Law of independent assortment ====
The law states that when the parents differ from each other in two or more pairs of contrasting characters, the inheritance of one pair of characters is independent to that of the other pair of characters.{{cn|date=March 2023}}
==== Law of dominance ====
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