Visual sensor network: Difference between revisions

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A '''visual sensor network''' or '''smart camera network''' or '''intelligent camera network''' is a network of spatially distributed [[smart camera]] devices capable of processing, exchanging data and fusing images of a scene from a variety of viewpoints into some form more useful than the individual images.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tavli |first1=Bulent |last2=Bicakci |first2=Kemal |last3=Zilan |first3=Ruken |last4=Barcelo-Ordinas |first4=Jose M. |title=A survey of visual sensor network platforms |journal=Multimedia Tools and Applications |date=1 October 2012 |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=689–726 |doi=10.1007/s11042-011-0840-z |s2cid=254837739 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11042-011-0840-z |language=en |issn=1573-7721}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=Adam |last2=Ganesan |first2=Deepak |last3=Hanson |first3=Allen |title=Aging in place |journal=Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Multimedia - MULTIMEDIA '07 |date=2007 |pages=892–901 |doi=10.1145/1291233.1291435 |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/1291233.1291435 |publisher=ACM Press|isbn=9781595937025 |s2cid=16415553 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journalbook |last1=Song |first1=Bi |last2=Soto |first2=Cristian |last3=Roy-Chowdhury |first3=Amit K. |last4=Farrell |first4=Jay A. |title=Decentralized camera network control using game theory |journal=2008 Second ACM/IEEE International Conference on Distributed Smart Cameras |chapter=Decentralized camera network control using game theory |date=September 2008 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1109/ICDSC.2008.4635735 |isbn=978-1-4244-2664-5 |s2cid=10467999 |chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4635735 |access-date=15 May 2021}}</ref> A visual sensor network may be a type of [[wireless sensor network]], and much of the theory and application of the latter applies to the former. The network generally consists of the cameras themselves, which have some local [[image processing]], communication and storage capabilities, and possibly one or more central computers, where image data from multiple cameras is further processed and [[sensor fusion|fused]] (this processing may, however, simply take place in a distributed fashion across the cameras and their local controllers). Visual sensor networks also provide some high-level services to the user so that the large amount of data can be distilled into information of interest using specific queries.<ref name="obraczka2002">{{cite book|first=K.|last=Obraczka|author2=Manduchi, R. |author3=Garcia-Luna-Aveces, J. J. |title=The 5th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications |chapter=Managing the Informationinformation Flowflow in Visualvisual Sensorsensor networks Networks|url=https://www.soe.ucsc.edu/~manduchi/Papers/178-obraczka.pdf |journal=Proc. 5th Intl. Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications|pages=1177–1181|date=October 2002|doi=10.1109/WPMC.2002.1088364|volume=3|isbn=978-0-7803-7442-3|citeseerx=10.1.1.19.1917|s2cid=1300523 }}</ref><ref name="akdere2006">{{cite journal|first=M.|last=Akdere|author2=Centintemel, U. |author3=Crispell, D. |author4=Jannotti, J. |author5=Mao, J. |author6=Taubin, G. |title=Data-Centric Visual Sensor Networks for 3D Sensing|url=http://www.cs.brown.edu/~jj/papers/3d-geo06.pdf |journal=Proc. 2nd Intl. Conf. On Geosensor Networks|date=October 2006}}</ref><ref>Castanedo, F., Patricio, M. A., García, J., and Molina, J. M. 2006. Extending surveillance systems capabilities using BDI cooperative sensor agents. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM international Workshop on Video Surveillance and Sensor Networks (Santa Barbara, California, USA, October 27 – 27, 2006). VSSN '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 131–138. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1178782.1178802</ref>

The primary difference between visual sensor networks and other types of sensor networks is the nature and volume of information the individual sensors acquire: unlike most [[sensor]]s, cameras are directional in their [[field of view]], and they capture a large amount of visual information which may be partially processed independently of data from other cameras in the network. Alternatively, one may say that while most sensors measure some value such as temperature or pressure, visual sensors measure ''patterns''. In light of this, communication in visual sensor networks differs substantially from traditional sensor networks.