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As if to compensate for their small size, Little Blue Penguins make a lot of noise. Calls are used for bonding, courtship, territorial defense, aggressive behavior, and to identify one another. They are unique for each adult and chick. Males use a variety of brays to call for help with nest chores and bonding displays. When in an aggressive mood, grunts, roars, brays, and various beeps are used. In territorial disputes, they use a specific call. The colony experiences a lot of noise at night, particularly during the breeding season, when calls can reach fever pitch. A high-pitched beep that develops into adult vocalization shortly after fledging occurs in chicks.
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Penguins face several threats due to human activity. Rising temperatures due to global warming will reduce emperor penguin breeding grounds and overfishing will limit their source of food. They face wind chills as cold as -60°C and blizzards of 200 km/h .Despite such harsh conditions, emperor penguins spend their entire lives on the ice or in the surrounding waters of Antarctica.
Penguins employ physiological adaptations and cooperative behaviors to deal with an incredibly harsh environment, where wind chills can reach -76°F. They huddle together to escape wind and conserve warmth. Individuals take turns moving to the group's protected and relatively toasty interior. Behavioral adaptations are the things organisms do to survive. Huddles allow them to share body warmth, and shelters many of the penguins from the wind. The huddle constantly moves so that all the penguins have a turn in the middle. Huddling can reduce heat loss by up to 50%.
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