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Penguins face several threats due to human activity. Rising temperatures due to global warming will reduce emperor penguin breeding grounds and overfishing will limit their source of food. They face wind chills as cold as -60°C and blizzards of 200 km/h .Despite such harsh conditions, emperor penguins spend their entire lives on the ice or in the surrounding waters of Antarctica.
Penguins employ physiological adaptations and cooperative behaviors to deal with an incredibly harsh environment, where wind chills can reach -76°F. They huddle together to escape wind and conserve warmth. Individuals take turns moving to the group's protected and relatively toasty interior. Behavioral adaptations are the things organisms do to survive. Huddles allow them to share body warmth, and shelters many of the penguins from the wind. The huddle constantly moves so that all the penguins have a turn in the middle. Huddling can reduce heat loss by up to 50%.
The penguins are evolved and adapted in a way that it can survive in that particular environment. Its body is streamlined in a manner that it can easily glide along the water without any resistance. It has the ability to survive in harsh and extreme cold condition due to the development of the thick blubber. The blubber is present as a layer under the skin and this helps in protecting the penguin from cold. It helps in protecting the organs of the penguin from cold and it even provides source of energy. The penguins remain close to sea water and hence it has evolved and developed the supraorbital gland which enables the penguins to remove the excess content of salt from the body. It has evolved into development of flippers from the wings which helps them swim efficiently and dive into the water. The small feather on the body of the penguins helps in trapping air between the feathers and hence it helps in providing the air insulation. The feather is known to provide a waterproof layer.
===Kinship & Cooperation===
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