Fifth Generation Computer Systems: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 19:12, 23 May 2023

Revision as of 00:46, 26 May 2023

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{{Tone|date=February 2019}}

The '''Fifth Generation Computer Systems ''' ('''FGCS''') was a 10-year initiative begun in 1982 by Japan's [[Ministry of International Trade and Industry]] (MITI) to create computers using [[massively parallel computing]] and [[logic programming]]. It aimed to create an "epoch-making computer" with supercomputer-like performance and to provide a platform for future developments in [[artificial intelligence]]. FGCS was ahead of its time, and aits excessive ambitions led to commercial failure. FGCSHowever contributedon greatlya totheoretical level, the project spurred the fielddevelopment of [[concurrent logic programming]].

The term "fifth generation" was intended to convey the system as being advanced: In the [[history of computing hardware]], there were four "generations" of computers. Computers using [[vacuum tube]]s were called the first generation; [[transistor]]s and [[diode]]s, the second; [[integrated circuit]]s, the third; and those using [[microprocessor]]s, the fourth. Whereas previous computer generations had focused on increasing the number of logic elements in a single CPU, the fifth generation, it was widely believed at the time, would instead turn to massive numbers of CPUs to gain performance.

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== Background ==

In the late 1965s1960s until the early 1970s, there was much talk about "generations" of computer hardware, then usually organized into three generations.

# First generation: Thermionic vacuum tubes. Mid-1940s. IBM pioneered the arrangement of vacuum tubes in pluggable modules. The [[IBM 650]] was a first-generation computer.