Content deleted Content added
new key for Category:Modal logic: "Operator" using HotCat |
format source |
||
Line 1:
A '''modal connective''' (or '''modal operator''') is a [[logical connective]] for [[modal logic]]. It is an [[binary function|operator]] which forms [[proposition]]s from propositions. In general, a modal operator has the "formal" property of being non-[[truth function|truth-functional]] in the following sense: The truth-value of composite formulae sometimes depend on factors other than the actual truth-value of their components. In the case of alethic modal logic, a modal operator can be said to be truth-functional in another sense, namely, that of being sensitive only to the distribution of truth-values across possible worlds, actual or not. Finally, a modal operator is "intuitively" characterized by expressing a modal attitude (such as [[Logical truth|necessity]], [[Logical possibility|possibility]], [[belief]], or [[knowledge]]) about the proposition to which the operator is applied.<ref
▲A '''modal connective''' (or '''modal operator''') is a [[logical connective]] for [[modal logic]]. It is an [[binary function|operator]] which forms [[proposition]]s from propositions. In general, a modal operator has the "formal" property of being non-[[truth function|truth-functional]] in the following sense: The truth-value of composite formulae sometimes depend on factors other than the actual truth-value of their components. In the case of alethic modal logic, a modal operator can be said to be truth-functional in another sense, namely, that of being sensitive only to the distribution of truth-values across possible worlds, actual or not. Finally, a modal operator is "intuitively" characterized by expressing a modal attitude (such as [[Logical truth|necessity]], [[Logical possibility|possibility]], [[belief]], or [[knowledge]]) about the proposition to which the operator is applied. See also Garson, James, "Modal Logic", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2021 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2021/entries/logic-modal/>
== Syntax for modal operators ==
{{unreferenced|section|date=February 2024}}
The syntax rules for modal operators <math>\Box</math> and <math>\Diamond</math> are very similar to those for universal and existential [[Quantifier (logic)|quantifiers]]; In fact, any formula with modal operators <math>\Box</math> and <math>\Diamond</math>, and the usual [[Logical connective|logical connectives]] in [[propositional calculus]] (<math> \land,\lor,\neg,\rightarrow,\leftrightarrow </math>) can be [[Rewriting#Logic|rewritten]] to a [[De dicto and de re|''de dicto'']] normal form, similar to [[prenex normal form]]. One major caveat: Whereas the universal and existential quantifiers only binds to the [[Propositional variable|propositional variables]] or the [[Predicate variable|predicate variables]] following the quantifiers, since the modal operators <math>\Box</math> and <math>\Diamond</math> quantifies over [[Accessibility relation|accessible]] [[Possible world|possible worlds]], they will bind to any formula in their [[Scope (logic)|scope]]. For example, <math>(\exists x (x^2 = 1)) \land (0 = y)</math> is logically equivalent to <math>\exists x (x^2 = 1\land 0 = y)</math>, but <math>(\Diamond (x^2 = 1)) \land (0 = y)</math> is not logically equivalent to <math>\Diamond (x^2 = 1\land 0 = y)</math>; Instead, <math>\Diamond (x^2 = 1\land 0 = y)</math> is logically equivalent to <math>(\Diamond (x^2 = 1)) \land \Diamond(0 = y)</math>.
Line 8:
== Modality interpreted ==
{{unreferenced|section|date=February 2024}}
There are several ways to [[interpretation (logic)|interpret]] modal operators in modal logic, including at least:
[[alethic modality|alethic]], [[deontic logic|deontic]], [[axiology|axiological]], [[epistemic modal logic|epistemic]], and [[doxastic logic|doxastic]].
Line 28 ⟶ 29:
=== Boulomaic ===
Boulomaic modal operators express desire.
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{logic}}
[[Category:Modal logic|Operator]]
| |||