User:Johnjbarton/sandbox/introduction to quantum mechanics: Difference between revisions

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Einstein then predicted that the electron velocity would increase in direct proportion to the light frequency above a fixed value that depended upon the metal. Here the idea is that energy in energy-quanta depends upon the light frequency; the energy transferred to the electron comes in proportion to the light frequency. The type of metal gives a [[work function | barrier]], the fixed value, that the electrons must climb over to exit and be measured.

Ten years elapsed before EinsteinMillikan's predictiondefinitive wasexperiment<ref>{{Cite completelyjournal |last=Millikan |first=R. A. |date=1916-03-01 |title=A Direct Photoelectric Determination of Planck's " h " |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.7.355 |journal=Physical Review |language=en |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=355–388 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.7.355 |issn=0031-899X}}</ref> verified Einstein's prediction. During that time many scientists rejected the revolutionary idea of quanta.<ref name=pais>{{Cite journal |last=Pais |first=A. |date=1979-10-01 |title=Einstein and the quantum theory |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.51.863 |journal=Reviews of Modern Physics |language=en |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=863–914 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.51.863 |issn=0034-6861}}</ref> But Planck's and Einstein's concept was in the air and soon affected other theories.

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|+ Photoelectric Effect on Electrons