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Line 112: If a consonant has two subscript forms and the choice affects the meaning, the form typically used for syllable-final consonants will be encoded with SAKOT, and the other form will have its own code point. There are 7 consonants which have different subscript forms in this way, namely {{lang\|nod\|ᩁ}} RA, {{lang\|nod\|ᩃ}} LA, {{lang\|nod\|ᨷ}} BA, {{lang\|nod\|ᩈ}} HIGH SA, {{lang\|nod\|ᨾ}} MA, {{lang\|nod\|ᨳ}} HIGH RATA, and {{lang\|nod\|ᨻ}} LOW PA. {{lang\|nod\|ᨣᩕᩪ}} ({{IPA-\|nod\|k'''ʰ'''uː}}) is encoded as <U+1A23 LOW KA, '''U+1A55 MEDIAL RA''', U+1A6A SIGN UU> but {{lang\|nod\|ᨠᩣ᩠ᩁ}} ({{IPA-\|nod\|kaː'''n'''\|IPA}}) is encoded as <U+1A20 HIGH KA, U+1A63 SIGN AA, '''U+1A60 SAKOT, U+1A41 RA'''><ref name=N3207R/>{{rp\|at=Section 4}} {{lang\|nod\|ᩆᩦ᩠ᩃ}} ({{IPA-\|nod\|siː'''n'''\|IPA}}) is encoded as <U+1A46 HIGH SHA, U+1A66 SIGN II, '''U+1A60 SAKOT, U+1A43 LA'''><ref name=N3207R/>{{rp\|at=Section 14.5}} but {{lang\|nod\|ᨸᩖᩦ}} ({{IPA-\|nod\|piː\|IPA}}) is encoded as <U+1A38 HIGH PA, '''U+1A56 MEDIAL LA''', U+1A66 SIGN II>.<ref name=N3207R/>{{rp\|at=Section 4}} (For the use of LA as a syllable final letter, compare {{lang\|nod\|ᩁᨭᩛᨷᩣ᩠ᩃ}}<ref name=N3207R/>{{rp\|at=Section 4}} ({{IPA-\|nod\|lat tha baːn}}). U+1A57 SIGN LA TANG LAI looks like <U+1A60 SAKOT, U+1A43 LA> but is in origin a ligature of it with <U+1A60 SAKOT, U+1A26 NGA>. Tai Lue uses it to write the word {{lang\|khb\|ᨴᩢ᩵ᩗᩣ}} ({{IPA-\|khb\|taŋ laːi\|IPA}}).<ref name="blends"> {{cite web\|url=http://www.seasite.niu.edu/tai/TaiLue/graphic%20blends.htm \|language=English Line 130: <!-- See also http://www.seasite.niu.edu/tai/TaiLue/excerpt.htm --> {{lang\|nod\|ᨣᩝᩴ}} ({{IPA-\|nod\|kɔː '''b'''ɔː\|IPA}})is encoded as <U+1A23 LOW KA, '''U+1A5D SIGN BA''', U+1A74 MAI KANG>, but {{lang\|nod\|ᨠᩢ᩠ᨷ}} ({{IPA-\|nod\|ka'''p'''\|IPA}}) is encoded as <U+1A20 HIGH KA, U+1A62 MAI SAT, '''U+1A60 SAKOT, U+1A37 BA'''> and {{lang\|nod\|ᨠᩢᨷ᩠ᨷ᩺}} ({{IPA-\|nod\|kap\|IPA}}) is encoded as <U+1A20 HIGH KA, U+1A62 MAI SAT, U+1A37 BA, '''U+1A60 SAKOT, U+1A37 BA''', U+1A7A RA HAAM> :In the final proposal,<ref name="N3207R"> Line 201: Superscript consonants are encoded independently of the base consonants. Some characters serve both as superscript consonants and in other roles, and are therefore discussed further in this section. [[Anusvara\|Niggahita]] and is encoded as U+1A74 MAI KANG. Superscript WA is not encoded separately. It is encoded as MAI KANG. For example, Tai Khuen {{lang\|kkh\|ᨯ᩠ᨿᩴ}} ({{IPA-\|shn\|deu\|IPA}}) is encoded as <U+1A2, DA, U+1A60 SAKOT, U+1A3F LOW YA, U+1A74 MAI KANG>. For the purposes of character sequencing, it is generally treated as a vowel. Superscript cluster-initial NGA is encoded as U+1A58 MAI KANG LAI. Note that Lao generally uses the same glyph for MAI KANG LAI and U+1A59 SIGN FINAL NGA. Line 212: The special forms {{lang\|nod\|ᩓ}} and {{lang\|nod\|ᩕ}} are encoded by the code points U+1A53 and U+1A55 respectively. If the glyphs of U+1A36 NA and U+1A63 SIGN AA would be side by side they are written as the ligature {{lang\|nod\|ᨶᩣ}} rather than as two separate glyphs {{lang\|nod\|ᨶ&zwnj;ᩣ}}. They are written as a ligature even if the NA has a subscript consonant or a non-following mark attached. Examples: {{lang\|nod\|ᨾᨶ᩠ᨲᩣ}} ({{IPA-\|nod\|man taː\|IPA}}, encoding <U+1A3E MA, U+1A36 NA, U+1A60 SAKOT, U+1A32 HIGH TA, U+1A63 SIGN AA>) and {{lang\|nod\|ᨶᩮᩢᩣ}} ({{IPA-\|nod\|nau\|IPA}}, encoding <U+1A36 NA, 1A6E SIGN E, U+1A62 MAI SAT, U+1A63 SIGN AA>). Subscript NA and SIGN AA do ''not'' similarly ligate, e.g. {{lang\|nod\|ᩉ᩠ᨶᩣ}} (({{IPA-\|nod\|naː\|IPA}}), encoded <U+1A49 HIGH HA, U+1A60 SAKOT, 1A36 NA, U+1A63 SIGN AA>) The geminate consonant {{lang\|nod\|ᩔ}} is encoded separately because the word {{lang\|nod\|ᩅᩥᩈᩮ᩠ᩈ}} ({{IPA-\|nod\|wiseːt}}, encoding <U+1A45 WA, U+1A65 SIGN I, U+1A48 HIGH SA, U+1A6E SIGN E, U+1A60 SAKOT, U+1A48 HIGH SA>) has an appearance very different from {{lang\|nod\|ᩅᩥᩔᩮ}}, but one may have occasion to fold the final syllable to <HIGH SA, SAKOT, HIGH SA, SIGN E>. Indeed, in 2019 to 2020 there was a campaign to establish the latter as its standard spelling. By contrast, the geminate consonant {{lang\|nod\|ᨬ᩠ᨬ}} is encoded as the conjunct <U+1A2C NYA, U+1A60 SAKOT, U+1A2C NYA>, even though some of its glyphs may resemble the hypothetical conjunct {{lang\|nod\|ᨱ᩠ᨬ}} <U+1A31 RANA, U+1A60 SAKOT, U+1A2C NYA>. Line 244: The 'onset letters' are consonants, independent vowels or special symbols. The consonants in a group are ordered according to the order in which they are sounded or used to be sounded. Example: {{lang\|nod\|ᨻᩩᨴ᩠ᨵ}} ({{IPA-\|nod\|put thaʔ}}) :onset letter: {{lang\|nod\|ᨻ}} :pure vowel: {{lang\|nod\| ᩩ}} Line 254: The encoding is <U+1A3B LOW PA, U+1A69 SIGN U, U+1A34 LOW TA, U+1A60 SAKOT, U+1A35 LOW THA> Example: {{lang\|nod\|ᨻᩕ}} has a single consonant sound {{IPA-\|nod\|pʰ}}, but formerly had 2 sounds, namely those of {{lang\|nod\|ᨻ}} and then {{lang\|nod\|ᩁ}} as in central Thai. This word is encoded as <LOW PA, MEDIAL RA>. Apart from MEDIAL RA, the order of the consonant glyphs is the same as the order of the sounds. In most cases MEDIAL RA is the last consonant but the WA of /ua/ and the LOW YA of /ia/ follow MEDIAL RA. Line 262: :{{lang\|nod\|ᨠᩕᩈᩢ᩠ᨲ}} is encoded <U+1A20 HIGH KA, U+1A55 MEDIAL RA, U+1A48 HIGH SA, U+1A62 MAI SAT, U+1A60 SAKOT, U+1A32 HIGH TA&gt. :{{lang\|nod\|ᩈᩕ᩠ᩅᨾ}} is encoded <U+1A48 HIGH SA, U+1A55 MEDIAL RA, U+1A60 SAKOT, U+1A45 WA, U+1A3E MA>. :But {{lang\|nod\|ᨲᩕ᩠ᨶᩬᨾ}} ({{IPA-\|nod\|tʰa nɔːm}})<ref name=MFL/>{{rp\|269}} is encoded <U+1A32 HIGH TA, U+1A55 MEDIAL RA, U+1A60 SAKOT, U+1A36 NA, U+1A6C SIGN OA BELOW, U+1A3E MA> For words like {{lang\|nod\|ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣ}} there is the rule that symbols for vowels and tones have the order:<ref name=N3207R/>{{rp\|at=Section 5 first part, 5.3 and 13}} Line 277: Examples: :{{lang\|nod\|ᨧᩮᩢ᩶ᩣ}} is encoded as <U+1A27 HIGH CA, U+1A6E SIGN E, U+1A62 MAI SAT, U+1A76 TONE-2, U+1A63 SIGN AA><ref name="N3207R"/>{{rp\|at=Section 5 no. 29}} :{{lang\|nod\|ᨾᩢᩣ}} ({{IPA-\|nod\|maːk\|IPA}}) is encoded as <U+1A3E MA, U+1A62 MAI SAT, U+1A63 SIGN AA> :{{lang\|nod\|ᩃᩪᩢ}} ({{IPA-\|nod\|luːk\|IPA}}) is encoded as <U+1A43 LA, U+1A6A SIGN UU, U+1A62 MAI SAT> :{{lang\|nod\|ᨶᩮᩢᩣ}} is encoded as <U+1A36 NA, U+1A6E SIGN E, U+1A62 MAI SAT, U+1A63 SIGN AA> :{{lang\|nod\|ᩋᩫᨶ᩠ᨲᩕᩣ᩠ᨿ}} ({{IPA-\|nod\|on thaʔ laːi}}) is encoded as <U+1A4B LETTER A, U+1A6B SIGN O, U+1A36 NA, U+1A60 SAKOT, U+1A32 HIGH TA, U+1A55 MEDIAL RA, U+1A63 SIGN AA, U+1A60 SAKOT, U+1A3F LOW YA> For /ia/ and /ua/ in all their forms, subscript LOW YA and WA are reckoned as onset consonants.<ref name="N3207R"/>{{rp\|at=Section 14.3}} Line 292: ::(<U+1A60, U+1A76> is canonically equivalent to <U+1A76, U+1A60>) Outside Northern Thailand, the MAI KANG in the symbol for /am/ is written on the SIGN AA component. In Northern Thailand, it is positioned variously – on the consonant, on the SIGN AA and between them. The Unicode Consortium refused a special character for the combination. The word {{lang\|nod\|ᨷᩴ᩠᩵ᨾᩣ}} ({{IPA-\|nod\|bɔːmaː}}) should not appear to have the same vowel as {{lang\|nod\|ᨲ᩵ᩣᩴ}} ({{IPA-\|nod\|tam\|IPA}}). The combination for /am/ is therefore encoded as <U+1A63 SIGN AA, U+1A74 MAI KANG>. The word {{lang\|nod\|ᨷᩴ᩠᩵ᨾᩣ}} is encoded as <U+1A37 BA, U+1A74 MAI KANG, U+1A75 TONE-1, U+1A60 SAKOT, U+1A3E MA, U+1A63 SIGN AA>. The word {{lang\|nod\|ᨲ᩵ᩣᩴ}} is encoded as <U+1A32 HIGH TA, U+1A75 TONE-1, U+1A63 SIGN AA, U+1A74 MAI KANG>. The combination for /am/ with SIGN TALL AA is encoded as <U+1A64 SIGN TALL AA, U+1A74 MAI KANG>. U+1A5A SIGN LOW PA is a special case; the Tai Lue word {{lang\|khb\|ᨣᨽᩚ}} ({{IPA-\|khb\|kap phaʔ\|IPA}}) is encoded as <U+1A23 LOW KA, U+1A3D LOW PHA, U+1A5A SIGN LOW PA>.<ref name="N3207R"/>{{rp\|at=Section 4}} Examples showing mai kang lai and la tang lai: :Pali word {{lang\|nod\|ᩈᩘᨥᩮᩣ}} (saṅgho) is encoded <U+1A48 SA, U+1A58 MAI KANG LAI, U+1A25 LOW KHA, U+1A6E SIGN E, U+1A63 SIGN AA>. :Northern Thai word {{lang\|nod\|ᨴᩘ᩠ᩃᩣ᩠ᨿ}} ({{IPA-\|nod\|taŋ laːi}}) is encoded <U+1A34 LOW TA, U+1A58 MAI KANG LAI, U+1A60 SAKOT, U+1A43 LA, U+1A63 SIGN AA, U+1A60 SAKOT, U+1A3F LOW YA&gt. :Tai Lue word {{lang\|khb\|ᨴᩢᩗᩣ}} ({{IPA-\|khb\|taŋ laːi}}) is encoded <U+1A34 LOW TA, U+1A62 MAI SAT, U+1A57 LA TANG LAI, U+1A63 SIGN AA>. ==External links==

Tai Tham (Unicode block): Difference between revisions