Astrophysics Data System: Difference between revisions

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| web = {{nowrap|{{URL|www.adsabs.harvard.edu}}}}

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}}The '''SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System''' ('''ADS''') is an online database of over 16 million [[astronomy]] and [[physics]] papers from both [[peer review]]ed and non-peer reviewed sources. [[abstract (summary)|Abstracts]] are available online for free for almost all articles, and fully scanned articles are available in [[Graphics Interchange Format]] (GIF), and [[Portable Document Format]] (PDF) for older articles. It was developed by the [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] (NASA) and it is managed by the [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory]].

ADS is a powerful research tool with significant impact on the efficiency of astronomical research since it was launched in 1992.<ref name="announcement">{{cite journal | last= Kurtz |first= M.J. |display-authors = et al.| year= 1992 | title= Intelligent Text Retrieval in the NASA Astrophysics Data System|journal= Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems Ii |volume= 52 |page= 132 | bibcode=1993ASPC...52..132K}}</ref> Literature searches, previously taking days or weeks to access, are carried out in seconds via the ADS search engine, which is custom-built for astronomical needs. Studies have found that the benefit to astronomy of the ADS is equivalent to several hundred million [[USD|US dollars]] annually (2005),<ref name="overview" /><ref name='impact'/>

ADS is useused among astronomers worldwide, and therefore ADS usage statistics can be used to analyze global trends in astronomical research.

These studies have revealed that the amount of research an astronomer carries out is related to the per capita [[gross domestic product]] (GDP) of the country in which the scientist is based, and that the number of astronomers in a country is proportional to the GDP of that country. Consequently, the total amount of research done in a country is proportional to the square of its GDP divided by its population.<ref name="impact">{{cite journal | last = Kurtz | first = M.J. |author2=Eichhorn G.|author3=Accomazzi A.|author4=Grant C.S.|author5=Demleitner M.|author6=Murray S.S. | year = 2005 | title = Worldwide Use and Impact of the NASA Astrophysics Data System Digital Library | journal = Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology | volume = 56 | issue = 1 | pages = 36–45 | doi = 10.1002/asi.20095 | bibcode = 2005JASIS..56...36K |arxiv = 0909.4786 | s2cid = 15181632 }} ([http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~kurtz/jasis-abstract.html Preprint])</ref>