History of Microsoft SQL Server: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 10:32, 17 August 2023

Revision as of 13:08, 17 August 2023

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Other new data types include specialized date and time types and a ''Spatial'' data type for ___location-dependent data.<ref name="iWeek">{{cite web|url=http://www.informationweek.com/software/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=199500164&subSection=Development|title=Microsoft Gives Peek At Next Version Of SQL Server|accessdate=May 11, 2007|archive-date=October 11, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011225111/http://informationweek.com/software/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=199500164&subSection=Development|url-status=dead}}</ref> Better support for unstructured and semi-structured data is provided using the new ''FILESTREAM''<ref name="mary">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.zdnet.com/microsoft/?p=937|title=One more test build to go for SQL Server 2008|accessdate=November 13, 2006|archive-date=June 23, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080623135221/http://blogs.zdnet.com/microsoft/?p=937|url-status=dead}}</ref> data type, which can be used to reference any file stored on the file system.<ref name="Kummert">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/stevengu/archive/2007/11/13/guest-blogger-ted-kummert.aspx|title=Guest Blogger: Ted Kummert|accessdate=November 20, 2007}}</ref> Structured data and metadata about the file is stored in SQL Server database, whereas the unstructured component is stored in the file system. Such files can be accessed both via [[Win32]] file handling [[API]]s as well as via SQL Server using [[T-SQL]]; doing the latter accesses the file data as a BLOB. Backing up and restoring the database backs up or restores the referenced files as well.<ref name="kleinerman">{{cite web|url=http://channel9.msdn.com/Showpost.aspx?postid=387069|title=SQL Server 2008 for developers|author=Christian Kleinerman|publisher=[[Channel 9 (Microsoft)|Channel 9]]|accessdate=March 7, 2008}}</ref> SQL Server 2008 also natively supports hierarchical data, and includes [[T-SQL]] constructs to directly deal with them, without using recursive queries.<ref name="kleinerman"/>

The [[full-text search]] functionality has been integrated with the database engine. According to a Microsoft technical article, this simplifies management and improves performance.<ref name="Full-Text Search">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc721269.aspx|title=SQL Server 2008 Full-Text Search: Internals and Enhancements|author=Fernando Azpeitia Lopez|date=September 4, 2009 }}</ref>

Spatial data will be stored in two types. A "Flat Earth" (GEOMETRY or planar) data type represents geospatial data which has been projected from its native, spherical, coordinate system into a plane. A "Round Earth" data type (GEOGRAPHY) uses an ellipsoidal model in which the Earth is defined as a single continuous entity which does not suffer from the singularities such as the international dateline, poles, or map projection zone "edges". Approximately 70 methods are available to represent spatial operations for the Open Geospatial Consortium [[Simple Features for SQL]], Version 1.1.<ref name="Spatial Support">{{cite web|url=http://www.directionsmag.com/editorials.php?article_id=2477&trv=1|title=Microsoft Shares Details on SQL Server 2008 Spatial Support by Directions Staff|accessdate=September 7, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808001216/http://www.directionsmag.com/editorials.php?article_id=2477&trv=1|archivedate=August 8, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>

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The final SQL Server 2008 service pack (10.00.6000, Service Pack 4) was released on September 30, 2014.<ref name="Service Pack 4">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlreleaseservices/archive/2014/09/30/sql-server-2008-service-pack-4-has-released.aspx|website=SQL Release Services Blog|title=SQL Server 2008 Service Pack 4 has released|accessdate=October 1, 2014}}</ref>

SQL Server 2008 had mainstream support until July 8, 2014, and extended support until July 9, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=SQL Server 2008 Support Lifecycle|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/microsoft-sql-server-2008|website=Microsoft Product Lifecycle}}</ref> [[volume licensing|Volume licensed]] Standard, Web, Enterprise, Workgroup and Datacenter editions of SQL Server 2008 are eligible for the Extended Security Updates program.<ref name=ESU4SQL(Doc)>{{cite web|title=What are Extended Security Updates for SQL Server?|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/sql-server/end-of-support/sql-server-extended-security-updates|website=Microsoft Documentation|date=July 13, 2023 }}</ref> The first term of yearly installment ended on July 14, 2020, the second term ended on July 13, 2021, and the third term ended on July 12, 2022.<ref name=SQL2008ESU(Blog)>{{cite web|title=Announcing new options for SQL Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 End of Support|first=Takeshi|last=Numoto|url=https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/announcing-new-options-for-sql-server-2008-and-windows-server-2008-end-of-support|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030193930/https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/announcing-new-options-for-sql-server-2008-and-windows-server-2008-end-of-support|date=July 12, 2018|archivedate=October 30, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Products_with_ESU>{{cite web|title=Lifecycle FAQ - Extended Security Updates|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/faq/extended-security-updates|website=Microsoft Documentation}}</ref> Those volume licensed editions rehosted on [[Microsoft Azure]] automatically received ESUs until July 11, 2023.<ref name=SQL2012ESU(Reminder)>{{cite web|title=SQL Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012/2012 R2 end of support|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/announcements/sql-server-2012-windows-server-2012-2012-r2-end-of-support|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703155353/https://20220703155353/docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/announcements/sql-server-2012-windows-server-2012-2012-r2-end-of-support|date=June 29, 2022|archivedate=July 3, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=SQL2012ESU(Blog)>{{cite web|title=Know your options for SQL Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 End of Support|firstfirst1=Debbi|lastlast1=Lyons|first2=Vijay|last2=Kumar|url=https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2021/07/14/know-your-options-for-sql-server-2012-and-windows-server-2012-end-of-support|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714150745/https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2021/07/14/know-your-options-for-sql-server-2012-and-windows-server-2012-end-of-support|date=July 14, 2021|archivedate=July 14, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=SQL2012ESU(Blog2)>{{cite web|title=Move end-of-support SQL Server 2012 to Azure Virtual Machines and save|first=Logan|last=Carrington|url=https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2022/03/24/move-end-of-support-sql-server-2012-to-azure-virtual-machines-and-save|date=March 24, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325031012/https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2022/03/24/move-end-of-support-sql-server-2012-to-azure-virtual-machines-and-save|archivedate=March 25, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=SQL2012ESU(Blog3)>{{cite web|title= SQL Server 2012 reaches end of support and Microsoft is here to help|first=Jessica|last=Hawk|url=https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2022/07/12/sql-server-2012-reaches-end-of-support-and-microsoft-is-here-to-help|date=July 12, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712160411/https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2022/07/12/sql-server-2012-reaches-end-of-support-and-microsoft-is-here-to-help|archivedate=July 12, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

===SQL Server 2008 R2===

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It was announced to be the last version to natively support [[OLE DB]] and instead to prefer [[ODBC]] for native connectivity.<ref name="ODBC">{{cite web|title=Microsoft is Aligning with ODBC for Native Relational Data Access&nbsp;— FAQ|url=http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en/sqldataaccess/thread/e696d0ac-f8e2-4b19-8a08-7a357d3d780f|work=SQL Server Forums|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|accessdate=March 7, 2012|last=Lam|first=Rohan}}</ref>

SQL Server 2012's new features and enhancements include Always On SQL Server Failover Cluster Instances and Availability Groups which provides a set of options to improve database availability,<ref name="Availability Enhancements">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645581(v=sql.110).aspx|title=Availability Enhancements (Database Engine)|date=May 24, 2013 |publisher=Msdn.microsoft.com|accessdate=June 15, 2013}}</ref> Contained Databases which simplify the moving of databases between instances, new and modified Dynamic Management Views and Functions,<ref name="Manageability Enhancements">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645579(v=sql.110).aspx|title=Manageability Enhancements (Database Engine)|publisher=Msdn.microsoft.com|date=July 13, 2011|accessdate=June 15, 2013}}</ref> programmability enhancements including new spatial features,<ref name="Aitchison2012">{{cite book|author=Alastair Aitchison|title=Pro Spatial with SQL Server 2012|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NdvJXu7hT8oC&pg=PA21|year=2012|publisher=Apress|isbn=978-1-4302-3491-3|pages=21–23}}</ref> metadata discovery, sequence objects and the THROW statement,<ref name="Programmability Enhancements">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645577(v=sql.110).aspx|title=Programmability Enhancements (Database Engine)|date=April 2012 |publisher=Msdn.microsoft.com|accessdate=June 15, 2013}}</ref> performance enhancements such as ColumnStore Indexes as well as improvements to OnLine and partition level operations and security enhancements including provisioning during setup, new permissions, improved role management, and default schema assignment for groups.<ref name="Scalability and Performance Enhancements">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645580(v=sql.110).aspx|title=Scalability and Performance Enhancements (Database Engine)|date=April 2012 |publisher=Msdn.microsoft.com|accessdate=June 15, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Security Enhancements">{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645578(v=sql.110).aspx|title=Security Enhancements (Database Engine)|publisher=Msdn.microsoft.com|accessdate=June 15, 2013}}</ref>

SQL Server 2012 had mainstream support until July 11, 2017, and extended support until July 12, 2022.<ref>{{cite web|title=SQL Server 2012 Support Lifecycle|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/microsoft-sql-server-2012|website=Microsoft Product Lifecycle}}</ref><ref name=SQL2012ESU(Reminder)/> All volume licensed editions of SQL Server 2012 are eligible for the Extended Security Updates program.<ref name=ESU4SQL(Doc)/> The first term of yearly installment ended on July 11, 2023, the second term will end on July 9, 2024, and the third and final term will end on July 8, 2025.<ref name=SQL2012ESU(Blog)/><ref name=Products_with_ESU/> Those volume licensed editions rehosted on [[Microsoft Azure]] automatically receive ESUs until July 8, 2025.<ref name=SQL2012ESU(Blog3)/><ref name=SQL2012ESU(Blog2)/>

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===SQL Server 2019===

Microsoft launched SQL Server 2019 on November 4, 2019. SQL Server 2019 (15.x) introduces Big Data Clusters for SQL Server. It also provides additional capability and improvements for the SQL Server database engine, SQL Server Analysis Services, SQL Server Machine Learning Services, SQL Server on Linux, and SQL Server Master Data Services.<ref>{{cite web|title=What's new in SQL Server 2019 (15.x)| date=March 16, 2023 |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/sql-server/what-s-new-in-sql-server-ver15?view=sql-server-ver15}}</ref>

===SQL Server 2022===

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