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The history of this field dates back to the 1950s, when studies of economic development first brought women into its discourse,<ref name=":1">{{cite book|title=Gender Planning and Development. Theory, Practice and Training|last=Moser|first=Caroline|publisher=Routledge|year=1993|isbn=978-0-203-41194-0|___location=New York|page=3}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{cite book|title=Gender, development, and globalization : economics as if all people mattered|last=Lourdes|first=Benería|others=Berik, Günseli,, Floro, Maria|isbn=9780415537483|edition= Second|___location=New York|oclc=903247621|date = 2014-11-11}}</ref> focusing on women only as subjects of welfare policies – notably those centered on [[Aid#Emergency aid|food aid]] and [[family planning]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPRH/Resources/GlobalFamilyPlanningRevolution.pdf|title=The Global Family Planning Revolution|last1=Robinson|first1=Warren C.|last2=Ross|first2=John A.|date=2007|website=World Bank|access-date=10 November 2018}}</ref> The focus of women in development increased throughout the decade, and by 1962, the [[United Nations General Assembly]] called for the [[United Nations Commission on the Status of Women|Commission on the Status of Women]] to collaborate with the [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|Secretary General]] and a number of other UN sectors to develop a longstanding program dedicated to women's advancement in developing countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldlii.org/int/other/UNGA/1962/36.pdf|title=United Nations Assistance for the Advancement of Women in Developing Countries [1962]|date=1962|website=World Legal Information Institute|access-date=10 November 2018}}</ref> A decade later, feminist economist [[Ester Boserup]]’s pioneering book ''Women’s Role in Economic Development'' (1970) was published, radically shifting perspectives of development and contributing to the birth of what eventually became the gender and development field.<ref name=":02" />
Since Boserup's consider that development affects men and women differently, the study of gender's relation to development has gathered major interest amongst scholars and international policymakers. The field has undergone major theoretical shifts, beginning with [[Women in Development]] (WID), shifting to Women and Development (WAD), and finally becoming the contemporary Gender and Development (GAD). Each of these frameworks emerged as an evolution of its predecessor, aiming to encompass a broader range of topics and [[social science]] perspectives.<ref name=":02" /> In addition to these frameworks, international financial institutions such as the [[World Bank]] and the [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF) have implemented policies, programs, and research regarding gender and development, contributing a [[Neoliberalism|neoliberal]] and smart economics approach to the study. Examples of these policies and programs include [[Structural adjustment|Structural Adjustment Programs]] (SAPs), [[microfinance]], [[outsourcing]], and [[Privatization|privatizing public enterprises]],<ref name=":02" /> all of which direct focus towards economic growth and suggest that advancement towards gender equality will follow. These approaches have been challenged by alternative perspectives such as [[Marxism]] and [[ecofeminism]], which respectively reject international capitalism<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kiely|first=Ray|date=2005|title=Capitalist Expansion and the Imperialism-Globalization Debate: Contemporary Marxist Explanations|journal=Journal of International Relations and Development|volume=8|pages=27–57|doi=10.1057/palgrave.jird.1800043|s2cid=144812030}}</ref> and the gendered exploitation of the environment via science, technology, and capitalist production.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nature.berkeley.edu/departments/espm/env-hist/articles/84.pdf|title=The Scientific Revolution and The Death of Nature|last=Merchant|first=Carolyn|date=2006|website=Berkeley University of California: College of Natural Resources|access-date=9 December 2018}}</ref> Marxist perspectives of development advocate for the [[redistribution of wealth]] and power in efforts to reduce global labor exploitation and class inequalities,<ref name=":02" /> while ecofeminist perspectives confront industrial practices that accompany development, including [[deforestation]], [[pollution]], [[environmental degradation]], and ecosystem destruction.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mack-Canty|first=Colleen|date=2004|title=Third-Wave Feminism and the Need to Reweave the Nature/Culture Duality|journal=National Women's Studies Association Journal|volume=16|issue=3|pages=154–179|jstor=4317085}}</ref>
==Early approaches==
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