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The World Bank's gender policy aims to eliminate poverty and enhance economic growth by addressing gender disparities and inequalities that hinders development. A critique{{by whom|date=May 2021}} on the World Bank's gender policy is it being ‘gender-blind’ and not properly addressing gender inequity.<ref>{{cite journal |title=A Citizen's Guide to Gender and the World Bank |journal=Women's International Network News |volume=23 |issue=1 |date=Winter 1997 |page=8 }}{{unreliable source?|date=May 2021}}</ref> Rather a critique made is that the World Bank's gender policy utilizes gender equality as an ends means rather than analyzing root causes for economic disparities and gender equity.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mahon |first1=Rianne |title=Introduction: The World Bank's new approach to gender equality? |journal=Global Social Policy |date=August 2012 |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=173–174 |doi=10.1177/1468018112443673 |s2cid=155262829 }}</ref>
Smart economics’ subordination of women under the justification of development invited fierce criticisms. Chant expresses her grave concern that “Smart economics is concerned with building women’s capacities in the interests of development rather than promoting women’s rights for their own sake.”<ref name="Chant and Sweetman (2012)"/> She disagrees that investment in women should be promoted by its instrumental utility: “it is imperative to ask whether the goal of female investment is primarily to promote gender equality and women’s ‘[[empowerment]]’, or to facilitate development ‘on the cheap’, and/or to promote further [[economic liberalization]].”<ref name="Chant and Sweetman (2012)"/><ref name="Roberts 2012 949–968">{{cite journal|last=Roberts|first=Adrienne|author2=Soederberg, Susanne|title=Gender Equality as Smart Economics? A critique of the 2012 World Development Report|journal=Third World Quarterly|date=June 2012|volume=33|issue=5|pages=949–968|doi=10.1080/01436597.2012.677310|s2cid=153821844|url=https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/gender-equality-as-smart-economics-a-critique-of-the-2012-world-development-report(a61627a0-c30c-4b5c-a288-275cace3c695).html}}</ref> Although smart economics outlines that gender equality has intrinsic value (realizing gender equality is an end itself) and instrumental value (realizing gender equality is a means to a more efficient development),<ref name="World Bank"/> many points out that the Bank pays almost exclusive attentions to the latter in defining its framework and strategy. Zuckerman also echoed this point by stating “business case [which] ignores the moral imperative of empowering women to achieve women’s human rights and full equal rights with men.”<ref name="Roberts 2012 949–968"/> In short, Chant casts a doubt that if it is not “possible to promote rights through [[utilitarianism]].” <ref name="Chant and Sweetman (2012)"/>
A wide range of scholars and practitioners has criticized that smart economics rather endorse the current status-quo of gender inequality and keep silence for the demand of institutional reform. Its approach “[d]oes not involves public action to transform the laws, policies, and practices which constrain personal and group agency.”<ref name="Chant and Sweetman (2012)"/> [[Naila Kabeer]] also posits that “attention to collective action to enable women to challenge structural discrimination has been downplayed.”<ref>{{cite book|last=Kabeer|first=Naila|title=Gender mainstreaming in poverty eradication and the Millennium development goals a handbook for policy-makers and other stakeholders|year=2003|publisher=Commonwealth secretariat |___location=London|isbn=978-0-85092-752-8}}</ref> Simply, smart economics assumes that women are entirely capable of increasingly contributing for economic growth amid the ongoing structural barriers to realize their capabilities.
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