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The '''Fifth Generation Computer Systems ''' ('''FGCS'''; {{lang-ja|第五世代コンピュータ|daigosedai konpyūta}}) was a 10-year initiative begun in 1982 by Japan's [[Ministry of International Trade and Industry]] (MITI) to create computers using [[massively parallel computing]] and [[logic programming]]. It aimed to create an "epoch-making computer" with supercomputer-like performance and to provide a platform for future developments in [[artificial intelligence]]. FGCS was ahead of its time, and its excessive ambitions led to commercial failure. However, on a theoretical level, the project spurred the development of [[concurrent logic programming]].
The term "fifth generation" was intended to convey the system as being advanced: In the [[history of computing hardware]], there were four "generations" of computers. Computers using [[vacuum tube]]s were called the first generation; [[transistor]]s and [[diode]]s, the second; [[integrated circuit]]s, the third; and those using [[microprocessor]]s, the fourth. Whereas previous computer generations had focused on increasing the number of logic elements in a single CPU, the fifth generation, it was widely believed at the time, would instead turn to massive numbers of CPUs to gain performance{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}}.
== Background ==
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