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that shows the rank of 10 measures (population, occupations, wealth, manufacturing, agriculture, and so forth) on parallel axes connected by lines for each state.
However, both d'Ocagne and Gannet were far preceded in this by [[André-Michel Guerry]],<ref>Guerry, A.-M. (1833). Essai sur la Statistique Morale de la France. Paris: Crochard.</ref> Plate IV, "Influence de l'Age",
where he showed rankings of crimes against persons by age along parallel axes, connecting the same crime across age groups.<ref>Friendly, M. (2022). The life and works of André-Michel Guerry, revisited. Sociological Spectrum, 42(4-6), 233–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2022.2078450</ref>
▲<ref>Friendly, M. (2022). The life and works of André-Michel Guerry, revisited. Sociological Spectrum, 42(4-6), 233–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2022.2078450</ref>.
They were popularised again 87 years later by [[Alfred Inselberg]]<ref name="pc">{{cite journal |first=Alfred |last=Inselberg |title=The Plane with Parallel Coordinates |journal=Visual Computer |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=69–91 |year=1985 |doi=10.1007/BF01898350 |s2cid=15933827 }}</ref> in 1985 and systematically developed as a coordinate system starting from 1977. Some important applications are in [[Traffic collision avoidance system|collision avoidance algorithms]] for [[air traffic control]] (1987—3 USA patents), [[data mining]] (USA patent), [[computer vision]] (USA patent), Optimization, [[process control]], more recently in [[Intrusion detection system|intrusion detection]] and elsewhere.
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