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'''Web development''' is the work involved in developing a [[Web site|website]] for the [[Internet]] ([[World Wide Web]]) or an [[intranet]] (a private network).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=What is Web Development? - Definition from Techopedia |url=https://www.techopedia.com/definition/23889/web-development |access-date=2018-12-07 |website=Techopedia.com |language=en}}</ref>
Among Web professionals, "Web development" usually refers to the main non-design aspects of building Web sites: writing [[Markup language|markup]] and [[Computer programming|coding]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Campbell |first=Jennifer |title=Web Design: Introductory |publisher=Cengage Learning |year=2017 |pages=27}}</ref> Web development may use [[content management system]]s (CMS) to make content changes easier and available with basic technical skills.
For larger organizations and businesses, Web development teams can consist of hundreds of people ([[Web developer]]s) and follow standard methods like [[Agile software development|Agile methodologies]] while developing Web sites.<ref name=":0" /> Smaller organizations may only require a single permanent or contracting developer, or secondary assignment to related job positions such as a [[graphic designer]] or [[information systems]] technician. Web development may be a collaborative effort between departments rather than the ___domain of a designated department. There are three kinds of Web developer specialization: [[Front-end Web development|front-end developer]], back-end developer, and full-stack developer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Northwood |first=Chris |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vvd6DwAAQBAJ&q=%22full+stack+Web+development%22+-wikipedia |title=The Full Stack Developer: Your Essential Guide to the Everyday Skills Expected of a Modern Full Stack Web Developer |date=2018-11-19 |publisher=Apress |isbn=978-1-4842-4152-3 |language=en}}</ref> Front-end developers are responsible for behavior and visuals that run in the user browser, while back-end developers deal with the servers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Discover The Difference Between Front-End Vs. Back-End Developer – Forbes Advisor |url=https://www.forbes.com/advisor/education/front-end-vs-back-end-developer |date=May 30, 2023 |website=forbes.com |language=en}}</ref> Since the commercialization of the Web, the industry has boomed and has become one of the most used technologies ever.
== Evolution of the World Wide Web and Web Development ==
==== 1. Origin/ Web 1.0 ====
Tim Berners-Lee created the [[World Wide Web]] in 1989 at CERN.
The primary goal in the development of the Web was to fulfill the automated information-sharing needs of academics affiliated with institutions and various global organizations. Consequently, [[HTML]] was developed in 1990.
Web 1.0 is described as the first paradigm wherein users could only view material and provide a small amount of information.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Soni |first=Anuj |last2=Gupta |first2=Sachin |last3=Talwandi |first3=Navjot Singh |date=September 2023 |title=Evolution Of Web Technologies in Recent Years |url=https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2309347.pdf |journal=Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research |volume=10 |issue=9 |issn=2349-5162}}</ref> Core protocols of web 1.0 were [[HTTP]], HTML and [[Uniform Resource Identifier|URI]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Some Trends in Web Application Development {{!}} IEEE Conference Publication {{!}} IEEE Xplore |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4221621/ |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=ieeexplore.ieee.org |doi=10.1109/fose.2007.26}}</ref>
==== 2. Web 2.0 ====
[[Web 2.0]], a term coined by
Web 2.0 introduced increased user engagement and communication. It evolved from the static, read-only nature of Web 1.0 and became an integrated network for engagement and communication. It is often referred to as a user-focused, read-write online network.<ref name=":02" />
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==== 3. Web 3.0 ====
[[Web3|Web 3.0]], considered the third and current version of the web, was introduced in 2014.
Web 3.0 aims to turn the web into a sizable, organized database, providing more functionality than traditional search engines. Users can customize navigation based on their preferences, and the core ideas involve identifying data sources, connecting them for efficiency, and creating user profiles.<ref name=":02" />
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* [[Artificial intelligence|AI]] and [[Machine learning|Machine Learning]] Integration (2010s - Present)
Web development in future will be driven by advances in browser technology, Web internet infrastructure, protocol standards, software engineering methods, and application trends.<ref name=":1" />
== Web Development Life Cycle ==
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* '''Operating System APIs:''' These APIs allow applications to interact with the underlying [[operating system]], accessing features like file systems, hardware, and system services.
==== 2.4 Server- Side Languages ====
[[Programming language]]s aimed at server execution, as opposed to client browser execution, are known as [[Server-side scripting|server-side languages]]. These programming languages are used in web development to perform operations including [[data processing]], database interaction, and the creation of [[Dynamic web page|dynamic content]] that is delivered to the client's browser. A key element of server-side programming is [[server-side scripting]], which allows the server to react to client requests in real time.
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* '''Continuous Integration and Deployment (CI/CD):''' [[CI/CD]] pipelines automate testing, [[Deployment environment|deployment]], and delivery processes, allowing for faster and more reliable releases.
=== 3. Full- Stack Development ===
Full-stack development refers to the practice of designing, building, and maintaining the entire [[Solution stack|software stack]] of a web application. This includes both the [[Client-side|frontend]] (client-side) and [[Server-side|backend]] (server-side) components, as well as the [[database]] and any other necessary infrastructure. A full-stack developer is someone who has expertise in working with both the frontend and backend technologies, allowing them to handle all aspects of web application development.
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== AGILE Methodology in Web Development ==
=== 1. Agile
[[Agile software development|Agile]] is a set of principles and values for software development that prioritize flexibility, collaboration, and customer satisfaction. The four key values are:
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# '''User Stories and Backlog:''' Capturing functional requirements through user stories and maintaining a backlog of prioritized tasks to guide development efforts.
# '''Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD):''' Implementing automated processes to continuously integrate code changes and deliver updated versions, ensuring a streamlined and efficient development pipeline.
== Trends and Future Directions ==
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