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{{ébauche|logiciels libres}}

PARCTab

{{Infobox Logiciel

| couleur boîte = <!-- pour adapter la couleur de la boîte au logo -->

| nom = GNU Libidn

| logo = Official gnu.svg

| image =

| légende =

| développeur = Simon Josefsson, [[projet GNU]]

| date de première version =

| dernière version = <!-- Utilisation du modèle « Modèle:Dernière version stable/GNU Libidn » -->

| date de dernière version = <!-- idem -->

| version avancée =

| date de version avancée =

| langage de programmation = [[C (langage)|C]]

| environnement = [[GNU/Linux]], [[FreeBSD]], [[NetBSD]], [[OpenBSD]], [[GNU]], [[Unix]], [[Solaris (système d'exploitation)|Solaris]], [[IRIX]], [[AIX]], [[Tru64 UNIX|Tru64]], [[Microsoft Windows|MS Windows]]

| langues =

| type = [[Bibliothèque logicielle]]

| licence = [[GNU LGPL]]

| site web = {{URL|https://www.gnu.org/software/libidn/}}

}}

'''GNU Libidn''' is a [[software library]] designed for the encoding and decoding of internationalized ___domain names according to the [[Stringprep]], [[Punycode]], and [[Internationalized ___domain name|IDNA]] specifications. It is developed and maintained by ''Simon Josefsson'' as part of the [[GNU Project]]. The library is written in [[C (programming language)|C]], and a portion of the [[Application programming interface|API]] is also accessible in [[C++]], [[Emacs Lisp]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], and [[Java (programming language)|Java]]. Implementations in [[Java (programming language)|Java]] and [[C sharp|C#]] are provided natively and distributed under the terms of the [[GNU Lesser General Public License]].

== History ==

[[File:PARC Tab.png|thumb|PARC Tab]]

The library was originally named ''Libstringprep''<ref>{{en}} [http://www.ops.ietf.org/lists/idn/idn.2002/msg01944.html A version of Libstringprep] distributed by Simon Josefsson on November 6, 2002.</ref> before becoming a GNU project.

== Technical Features ==

The PARCTab is an experimental mobile computer designed by [[Xerox]]. Xerox developed the PARCTab as an early experiment in [[Ubiquitous Computing]], also called "UbiComp".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Detail |url=https://www.microsoft.com/buxtoncollection/detail.aspx?id=51 |access-date=2023-12-17 |website=www.microsoft.com}}</ref> The PARCTab was similar in shape, size, and appearance to a [[PDA]].

The library contains a generic implementation of [[Stringprep]]. Profiles such as {{Link|fr= Nameprep|lang=en|trad=Nameprep|text=Nameprep}}, [[iSCSI]], [[Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol|XMPP]], and [[Kerberos (protocol)|Kerberos version 5]] are also included. [[Punycode]] and ACE (''ASCII Compatible Encoding'') in the context of an [[internationalized ___domain name]] are supported. A mechanism for defining validation tables for a [[top-level ___domain]] (''TLD'') and comparing [[character string|character strings]] from these tables is included. Default tables for certain TLDs are even included.

=== Stringprep ===

The PARCTab offered different functionality depending on where the user was using it. It had infrared transmitters and sensors to communicate with 'gateway nodes' that were installed in a given room or area.<ref name=computerhistory>{{Cite web |title=Xerox PARCTab Prototype - PDA - Computing History |url=https://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/36785/Xerox-PARCTab-Prototype/ |access-date=2023-12-17 |website=www.computinghistory.org.uk}}</ref>

The [[Application programming interface|API]] for Stringprep consists of two [[Routine (computing)|functions]], "''[[Main (disambiguation)|main]]''", the first for converting data from the native representation of a system to [[UTF-8]], and the second for Stringprep processing. This simplifies the use of a Stringprep profile in an [[Application software|application]].

=== Punycode ===

The PARCTab had a touch screen and a stylus. It also had handwriting recognition.

The Punycode API consists of two functions, one for encoding, and the other for decoding.

=== IDNA ===

The PARCTab was developed around the same time as the [[Apple Newton]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of HCI |url=https://rauterberg.employee.id.tue.nl/presentations/HCI-history/ |access-date=2023-12-17 |website=rauterberg.employee.id.tue.nl}}</ref>

The IDNA API consists of two encoding functions, the first towards [[American Standard Code for Information Interchange|ASCII]]<ref>''ToASCII'' function.</ref>, the second towards [[Unicode]]<ref>''ToUnicode'' function.</ref>, as well as a high-level [[Interface (computing)|interface]] for the conversion between [[___domain name|___domain names]] and their ACE (''ASCII Compatible Encoding'') representation.

=== TLD ===

Xerox also designed a device called the PARCPad, which was like the PARCTab, but larger.

The TLD '''API''' includes several functions to extract [[top-level ___domain]] names from a ___domain represented in character strings, others to locate the appropriate TLD table for use in the relevant top-level ___domain, others to validate a character string on a TLD table, and several [[adapter (programming)|adapter]] functions to perform all these steps in a single call.

== Usage by the GNU Project ==

[[Roy Want]] was one of the team members on Xerox's PARC program around the time.

GNU Libidn is used by [[GNU SASL]] and [[GNU Shishi]] to process usernames and passwords.

== See Also ==

[[Stringprep]]

[[Internationalized ___domain name|IDNA]]

[[Punycode]]

== Notes and References ==

{{references}}

== External Links ==

[http://savannah.gnu.org/git/?group=libidn Git Repository] on [[GNU Savannah]] software [[forge]].

{{GNU Palette}}

{{Portal|free software|computer programming|Semantic Web}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Libidn, Gnu}}

[[Category:Software of the GNU Project]]

[[Category:Software libraries]]

[[Category:Free software licensed under the LGPL]]

== References ==