Help:IPA/Introduction: Difference between revisions

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** {{IPA|/θ/}} for the ''th'' in ''thick'' {{IPA|/ˈθɪk/}} (from the Greek letter [[theta]])
** {{IPA|/ð/}} for the ''th'' in ''those'' {{IPA|/ˈðoʊz/}} (from the Old English letter [[eth]], which was used for the ''th'' sounds)
* The sound of the digraph ''SH'' is transcribed with the 'stretched'[[Long s|long ''S'' seen in old books]]. It's used in its cursive form, {{IPA|/ʃ/}}, to make it easier to read, as in ''push'' {{IPA|/ˈpʊʃ/}} and ''shelf'' {{IPA|/ˈʃɛlf/}}.
* There is a sound with no letter or digraph in English, though sometimes written ''ZH'' in foreign words. It's usually written ''si,'' as in ''vision.'' In the IPA, it's written with a 'stretched' ''Z'', {{IPA|/ʒ/}}: ''vision'' {{IPA|/ˈvɪʒən/}}.
* As noted above, the digraph ''CH'' is a sequence of sounds, ''T'' plus ''SH''. This may be hard for an English speaker to hear, but is obvious to a French speaker, which is why we get spellings like ''[[Tchaikovsky]]'' but also ''catch'' in English. (Adding a ''t'' to ''ch'' doesn't make any difference, because the ''ch'' already has a ''t'' sound within it.) The IPA uses the same stretchedlong ''S'' for this sound here as anywhere else: ''itch'' {{IPA|/ˈɪtʃ/}}.
* Similarly, the English consonant ''J'' is a sequence with a ''d'' sound in it. For instance, in ''judge,'' adding the ''d'' doesn't affect the consonant sound, just the vowel. In the IPA, this is transcribed {{IPA|/dʒ/}}: ''jump'' {{IPA|/ˈdʒʌmp/}}, ''judge'' {{IPA|/ˈdʒʌdʒ/}}, or ''Jesus'' {{IPA|/ˈdʒiːzəs/}}.
* Finally, the IPA letter {{IPA|[r]}} is officially a [[Trill consonant|trill]], as in Italian and Spanish. The rather unusual English ''R'' sound is transcribed with a turned ''r,'' {{IPA|[ɹ]}}. However, since this makes no difference within English, and not all English dialects actually use the {{IPA|[ɹ]}} sound, it's very common to see English ''R'' transcribed with a plain {{IPA|/r/}}, and that's the convention used on Wikipedia.