History of supercomputing: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 08:50, 21 December 2023

Revision as of 23:03, 15 January 2024

Line 70:

Progress in [[China]] has been rapid, in that China placed 51st on the TOP500 list in June 2003; this was followed by 14th in November 2003, 10th in June 2004, then 5th during 2005, before gaining the top spot in 2010 with the 2.5&nbsp;petaflop [[Tianhe-I]] supercomputer.<ref name=Graham >{{cite book | title = Getting up to speed: the future of supercomputing | url = https://archive.org/details/gettinguptospeed00grah | url-access = limited | first1 = Susan L. | last1 = Graham |first2 = Marc | last2 = Snir | first3 =Cynthia A. | last3 = Patterson | year = 2005 | isbn =0-309-09502-6 | page=[https://archive.org/details/gettinguptospeed00grah/page/n204 188]| publisher = National Academies Press }}</ref><ref name=NYTimesTianhe >{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/28/technology/28compute.html | title = China Wrests Supercomputer Title From U.S. | work = The New York Times | first = Ashlee | last = Vance |author-link=Ashlee Vance | date = 28 October 2010 | access-date = 20 February 2018}}</ref>

In July 2011, the 8.1&nbsp;petaflop Japanese [[K computer]] became the fastest in the world, using over 60,000 [[SPARC64 V#SPARC64 VIIIfx|SPARC64 VIIIfx]] processors housed in over 600 cabinets. The fact that the K computer is over 60 times faster than the Earth Simulator, and that the Earth Simulator ranks as the 68th system in the world seven years after holding the top spot, demonstrates both the rapid increase in top performance and the widespread growth of supercomputing technology worldwide.<ref name=tele20611>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/8586655/Japanese-supercomputer-K-is-worlds-fastest.html|title=Japanese supercomputer 'K' is world's fastest|access-date=20 June 2011|work=The Telegraph|date=20 June 2011}}</ref><ref name=nyt20611>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/technology/20computer.html|title=Japanese 'K' Computer Is Ranked Most Powerful|access-date=20 June 2011|work=The New York Times|date=20 June 2011}}</ref><ref name=fujnr>{{cite web|url=http://www.fujitsu.com/global/news/pr/archives/month/2011/20110620-02.html|title=Supercomputer 'K computer' Takes First Place in World|access-date=20 June 2011|publisher=Fujitsu}}</ref> By 2014, the Earth Simulator had dropped off the list and by 2018 the K computer had dropped out of the top 10. By 2018, [[Summit (supercomputer)|Summit]] had become the world's most powerful supercomputer, at 200 petaFLOPS. In 2020, the Japanese once again took the top spot with the [[Fugaku (supercomputer)|Fugaku supercomputer]], capable of 442 PFLOPS. Finally, starting in 2022 and until the present ({{as of|December 2023|lc=y}}), the [[TOP500|world's fastest supercomputer]] had become the Hewlett Packard Enterprise Frontier, also known as the OLCF-5 and hosted at the [[Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility]] (OLCF) in [[Tennessee]], United States. The Frontier is based on the [[Cray#Subsidiary of Hewlett Packard Enterprise: 2019–present|Cray EX]], is the world's first [[Exascale computing|exascale]] [[supercomputer]], and uses only [[AMD]] [[CPU]]s and [[GPU]]s; it achieved an [[LINPACK benchmarks#HPLinpack|Rmax]] of 1.102 [[FLOPS|exaFLOPS]], which is 1.102 quintillion operations per second.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wells |first1=Jack |date=March 19, 2018 |title=Powering the Road to National HPC Leadership |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tmWN9PR-ZU&t=2h24m41s |publisher=OpenPOWER Summit 2018 |access-date=March 25, 2018 |archive-date=August 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804004021/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tmWN9PR-ZU&t=2h24m41s |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bethea |first1=Katie |date=February 13, 2018 |title=Frontier: OLCF'S Exascale Future – Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility |url=https://www.olcf.ornl.gov/2018/02/13/frontier-olcfs-exascale-future/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310203823/https://www.olcf.ornl.gov/2018/02/13/frontier-olcfs-exascale-future/ |archive-date=March 10, 2018 |website=Oak Ridge National Laboratory - Leadership Computing Facility}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 9, 2020 |title=DOE Under Secretary for Science Dabbar's Exascale Update |url=https://insidehpc.com/2020/10/doe-under-secretary-for-science-dabbars-exascale-update-frontier-to-be-first-aurora-to-be-monitored/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028093045/https://insidehpc.com/2020/10/doe-under-secretary-for-science-dabbars-exascale-update-frontier-to-be-first-aurora-to-be-monitored/ |archive-date=October 28, 2020 |website=insideHPC}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Don Clark |date=May 30, 2022 |title=U.S. Retakes Top Spot in Supercomputer Race |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/30/business/us-supercomputer-frontier.html |access-date=June 1, 2022 |archive-date=June 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601230913/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/30/business/us-supercomputer-frontier.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="2022-05-30-phoronix" />

==Historical TOP500 table==

{{Main list|List of fastest computers}}