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*24 January – Scientists in China report in the journal ''[[Cell (journal)|Cell]]'' the creation of two [[monkey]] [[Clone (cell biology)|clones]], named ''[[Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua|Zhong Zhong]]'' and ''[[Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua|Hua Hua]]'', using the [[Somatic cell nuclear transfer|complex DNA transfer method]] that produced [[Dolly (sheep)|''Dolly'' the sheep]], for the first time.<ref name="CELL-20180124">{{cite journal |author=Liu, Zhen |display-authors=etal |title=Cloning of Macaque Monkeys by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer |date=24 January 2018 |journal=[[Cell (journal)|Cell]] |volume=172 |issue=4 |pages=881–887.e7 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.020 |pmid=29395327 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="SCI-20180124">{{cite journal |last=Normile |first=Dennis |title=These monkey twins are the first primate clones made by the method that developed Dolly |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/these-monkey-twins-are-first-primate-clones-made-method-developed-dolly |date=24 January 2018 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |doi=10.1126/science.aat1066 |access-date=24 January 2018 }}</ref><ref name="BBC-20180124">{{cite news |last=Briggs |first=Helen |title=First monkey clones created in Chinese laboratory |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-42809445 |date=24 January 2018 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=24 January 2018 }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20180124">{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |title=Scientists Successfully Clone Monkeys; Are Humans Up Next? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/01/24/science/ap-us-sci-cloned-monkeys.html |date=24 January 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=24 January 2018 }}</ref>
*25 January
** Researchers report evidence that [[modern humans]] [[Early human expansions out of Africa|migrated from Africa]] at least as early as [[Middle Paleolithic|194,000 years ago]], somewhat consistent with recent genetic studies, and much earlier than previously thought.<ref name="SCI-20180126">{{cite journal |author=Herschkovitz, Israel |display-authors=etal |title=The earliest modern humans outside Africa |date=26 January 2018 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=359 |issue=6374 |pages=456–459 |doi=10.1126/science.aap8369 |pmid=29371468 |bibcode=2018Sci...359..456H |doi-access=free |hdl=10072/372670 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20180125">{{cite news |last=St. Fleur |first=Nicholas |title=In Cave in Israel, Scientists Find Jawbone Fossil From Oldest Modern Human Out of Africa |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/science/jawbone-fossil-israel.html |date=25 January 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=30 June 2018 }}</ref>
**Scientists working for [[Calico (company)|Calico]], a company owned by [[Alphabet Inc.|Alphabet]], publish a paper in the journal ''[[eLife]]'' which presents possible evidence that ''[[naked mole-rat|Heterocephalus glaber]]'' (naked mole-rat) do not face increased mortality risk due to aging.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.calicolabs.com/news/2018/01/25/|title=Calico Scientists Publish Paper in eLife Demonstrating that the Naked Mole Rat's Risk of Death Does Not Increase With Age|date=25 January 2018|website=Calico|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-date=27 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127202915/https://www.calicolabs.com/news/2018/01/25/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/naked-mole-rats-defy-biological-law-aging|title=Naked mole rats defy the biological law of aging|date=26 January 2018|website=Science Magazine – AAAS|access-date=27 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ruby |first1=Graham |last2=Smith |first2=Megan |last3=Buffenstein |first3=Rochelle |date=25 January 2018 |title=Naked mole-rat mortality rates defy Gompertzian laws by not increasing with age|journal=eLife|volume=7 |doi=10.7554/eLife.31157 |pmid=29364116 |pmc=5783610 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
*29 January – Scientists report, for the first time, that 800 million [[virus]]es, mainly of [[Marine biology|marine origin]], are deposited daily from the [[Earth]]{{'s}} [[atmosphere]] onto every square meter of the planet's surface, as the result of a global atmospheric stream of viruses, circulating above the weather system, but below the altitude of usual airline travel, distributing viruses around the planet.<ref name="NYT-20180413">{{cite news |last=Robbins |first=Jim |title=Trillions Upon Trillions of Viruses Fall From the Sky Each Day |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/13/science/virosphere-evolution.html |date=13 April 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=14 April 2018 }}</ref><ref name="ISME-2018">{{cite journal |last1=Reche |first1=Isabel |last2=D'Orta |first2=Gaetano |last3=Mladenov |first3=Natalie |last4=Winget |first4= Danielle M |last5=Suttle |first5= Curtis A |title=Deposition rates of viruses and bacteria above the atmospheric boundary layer |journal=ISME Journal |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=1154–1162 |date=29 January 2018 |doi=10.1038/s41396-017-0042-4 |pmid=29379178 |pmc=5864199 }}</ref>
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