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{{MOS|date=May 2021}}The '''Canadian Language Benchmarks''' ('''CLB'''), or '''Niveaux de compétence linguistique canadien''' ('''NCLC''') in French, comprise a 12-point scale of task-based language proficiency descriptors used to guide the teaching and assessment of ESL learners in Canada. Like the [[Common European Framework of Reference for Languages]] and the [[ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines]], the Canadian Language Benchmarks describe ESL learners' successive levels of communicative achievement.
The CLB's 12 benchmarks are divided into 3 parts: Stage I: Basic Proficiency; Stage II: Intermediate Proficiency; and Stage III: Advanced Proficiency. The CLB cover four skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing. There is also a French version of the CLB. The theory behind the CLB can be found in the document
Each benchmark is then described in terms of "Can do" statements or "Performance Descriptors". For example, the following are two task descriptors for Benchmark 5 in writing (from the 2012 version of the CLB):
''Descriptor
[Writing is about 1 paragraph.]
Example: Write a paragraph to report a
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incident or a burglary.
''Descriptor
or routine.
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The CLB has also been used to identify the level of curricula, courses and requirements for entry into post-secondary training in some parts of Canada, e.g. in Manitoba, some Ontario community colleges and in British Columbia where it is part of an articulation agreement.<ref> See work done by [http://www.arucc.ca/conferences/arucc2008/CIITE%20-%20Systemic%20Change%20in%20Ontario's%20Colleges%20and%20Institutes%20Part%201.pdf CIITE].</ref>
Since 2002, the CLB has been used increasingly as a scale to help define the language demands that are used in some occupations and professions. The first benchmarking projects were done at the provincial level by Red River College in Manitoba. In 2002, CCLB did the first national benchmarking project to identify the language demands of the nursing profession.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.language.ca/documents/FINAL_NURSING_REPORTS_cclb.pdf |title=Benchmarking the English Language Demands of the Nursing Profession Across Canada |access-date=2014-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819013457/http://www.language.ca/documents/final_nursing_reports_cclb.pdf |archive-date=2013-08-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This was followed by the development of a national test to verify the language competency of internationally trained nurses, the Canadian English Language Benchmarks Assessment for Nurses (CELBAN). Further research was done by the Centre for occupations in the following industries: travel and hospitality, trucking, trades, food and grocery, and professions like pharmacy, physiotherapy and occupational therapy, audiology and speech language pathology. Many of these profiles have been captured in documents called "Occupational Language Analyses" (OLAs) which reflect the communication skills extrapolated from occupational competency documents, the Essential Skills and aligned to the CLB/NCLC. Many of these are available on the website Canadian Language Benchmarks and Essential Skills for the workplace.<ref>https://www.language.ca/resourcesexpertise/essential-skills/ or by contacting the CCLB. The CLB has also been correlated to the Essential Skills in a document called "Relating Canadian Language Benchmarks to the Essential Skills".</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140616060946/http://www.language.ca/index.cfm?Voir=sections&Id=17367&M=4038&Repertoire_No=2137991327</ref>
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The CLB has been used since 1996 as the background of CLB-based assessments. CLB-based assessments reflect what a second language speaker can demonstrate in terms of language and communication. They usually cover the four skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. the CLB have been used for both formative and summative assessment and are defined for low-stakes or higher stakes uses.
===Examples===
* The Canadian Language Benchmarks Assessment (CLBA)
* The Canadian Language Benchmarks Literacy Assessment (CLBLA)
*
* Literacy Placement Tool: Volume I<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140616060430/http://www.language.ca/index.cfm?Voir=sections&Id=17362&M=4038&Repertoire_No=2137991327
* Literacy Placement Tool: Volume II<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140616060447/http://www.language.ca/index.cfm?Voir=sections&Id=17363&M=4038&Repertoire_No=2137991327
* Canadian English Language Benchmarks Assessment for Nurses (CELBAN)
* Milestones (a high-stakes test in development for Citizenship & Immigration Canada)
* Summative Assessment Manual (SAM)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140616060938/http://www.language.ca/index.cfm?Voir=sections&Id=17364&M=4038&Repertoire_No=2137991327
* Exit Tasks for CLB 5 - 10<ref> [https://web.archive.org/web/20140616060942/http://www.language.ca/index.cfm?Voir=sections&Id=17366&M=4038&Repertoire_No=2137991327
* Integrating Assessment into the CLB Classroom<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140619070514/http://www.language.ca/index.cfm?Voir=sections&Id=17365&M=4038&Repertoire_No=2137991327
* Portfolio-based language assessment (PBLA)
* Can Do Statements<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140701144300/http://www.language.ca/index.cfm?Voir=sections&Id=17369&M=4038&Repertoire_No=2137991327
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Canada has strict language requirements for immigration. Federal Skilled Workers are expected to have a minimum CLB level 7 score in order to be eligible for immigration.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Immigration|first=Refugees and Citizenship Canada|date=2007-03-31|title=Language testing—Skilled immigrants (Express Entry)|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/language-requirements/language-testing.html|access-date=2020-08-18|website=aem}}</ref> Canada accepts popular English testing reports of IELTS-GT and CELPIP-G and French testing reports of TEF/TCF for immigration purposes.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Immigration|first=Refugees and Citizenship Canada|date=2007-03-31|title=Language testing—Skilled immigrants (Express Entry)|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/language-requirements/language-testing.html|access-date=2020-08-18|website=aem}}</ref> The bands have to be converted to CLB /NCLC equivalent levels using the below conversion chart<ref>{{Cite web|last=Immigration|first=Refugees and Citizenship Canada|date=2015-01-01|title=Language requirements — Skilled immigrants (Express Entry)|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/language-requirements.html|access-date=2020-08-18|website=aem}}</ref> or by using a CLB Calculator<ref>[https://www.immiboards.com/clb-calculator/
== Federal Skilled Worker Program ==
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== See also ==
* [[Canadian English Language Proficiency Index Program|CELPIP]] (Canadian English Language Proficiency Index Program)
* [[International English Language Testing System|IELTS]]
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