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These include [[PBKDF2|password-based key derivation]], password-based [[key agreement]], password-hardening, untraceable [[CAPTCHA]]s, [[Password_manager|password management]], [[Homomorphic_encryption|homomorphic]] [[key management]], and [[Private_set_intersection|private set intersection]].<ref name="oprf"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Krawczyk |first1=Hugo |title=Oblivious Pseudorandom Functions and Some (Magical) Applications |url=https://www.cs.columbia.edu/~tal/4261/F19/hugo-columbia-oprf.pdf |publisher=Columbia University |access-date=31 January 2024}}</ref>
An OPRF can be viewed as a special case of [[homomorphic encryption]], as it enables another party to compute a function over an [[Ciphertext|encrypted input]] and produce a result (which remains encrypted) and
=== Password-based key derivation ===
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