Lithium Triangle: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 17:12, 6 February 2024

Revision as of 16:11, 19 February 2024

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As of 2017 the area was thought to hold around 54% of the world's lithium reserves,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://resourceworld.com/lithium-triangle/|title=South America's prospective - The Lithium Triangle|author=Ellsworth Dickson|work=Resource World|access-date=7 December 2019|year=2017}}</ref> however, these reserves, which are the largest in size and the highest in quality in the world, are not expected to make the surrounding countries wealthy, as oil has done for the [[Gulf Countries|Gulf countries]]. For example, the total amount of lithium minerals in [[Chile]] is worth "less than Saudi Arabia's three years' worth of oil exports."<ref>[https://oceanofpdf.com/authors/lukasz-bednarski/pdf-epub-lithium-the-global-race-for-battery-dominance-and-the-new-energy-revolution-download/?id=000715884250 Lithium: The Global Race for Battery Dominance and the New Energy Revolution.] 2021. L. Bednarski. {{ISBN|1787386732}}. p. 97.</ref>

Annual production in the early 2020’s was as follows: 140,000 tons per year in Chile,<ref>{{Harv|Dube|2022|ps="Chile has expanded output at its existing operations by 80% since 2016 to about 140,000 tons annually”}}</ref> 33,000 tons per year in Argentina,<ref>{{Harv|Quinn|2024|ps="En 2022, Argentina produjo 33.000 toneladas de LCE, el segundo país de la región y el cuarto del mundo"}}</ref> and 600 en por per year in Bolivia.<ref>{{Harv|Quinn|2024|ps="la producción solo alcanzó 600 toneladas de LCE el año pasado"}}</ref>

==Background==

Currently, many countries situated in the [[Global North and Global South|Global North]] are trying to incorporate [[technocratic solutions]] in order to achieve sustainability directives.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Parks, B. & Roberts, J. |title=Inequality and the global climate regime: breaking the north-south impasse |publisher=Routledge |year=2009 |isbn=9781315876177 |pages=161–191}}</ref> Many of these directives include solutions for which [[lithium]] is an essential resource, e.g., the shift to electric vehicles and battery storrage system. Yet, in most Global North countries, lithium is not nearly as abundant as in the lithium triangle. Therefore, contemporary power relations in [[geopolitics]] have enabled Global North countries to expand their [[resource frontier]] to the lithium triangle, touching upon notions of [[green extractivism]], to accommodate their needs at the expense of the [[Global North and Global South|Global South]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vera |first1=María L. |last2=Torres |first2=Walter R. |last3=Galli |first3=Claudia I. |last4=Chagnes |first4=Alexandre |last5=Flexer |first5=Victoria |date=March 2023 |title=Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s43017-022-00387-5 |journal=Nature Reviews Earth & Environment |language=en |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=149–165 |doi=10.1038/s43017-022-00387-5 |bibcode=2023NRvEE...4..149V |issn=2662-138X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Voskoboynik, D.M., & Andreucci, D. |date=2022 |title=Greening extractivism: environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines |journal=Nature Reviews Earth & Environment |volume=4 |pages=149–165}}</ref> This green extractivist practice taking place in the lithium triangle leads to severe impact on the environment and socio-economic/socio-cultural [[livelihood]]s of local residents.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Agusdinata |first1=Datu Buyung |last2=Liu |first2=Wenjuan |last3=Eakin |first3=Hallie |last4=Romero |first4=Hugo |date=November 2018 |title=Socio-environmental impacts of lithium mineral extraction: towards a research agenda |journal=Environmental Research Letters |language=en |volume=13 |issue=12 |pages=123001 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aae9b1 |bibcode=2018ERL....13l3001B |issn=1748-9326|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Dorn, F. M., Hafner, R., & Plank, C. |date=2022 |title=Towards a climate change consensus"how mining and agriculture legitimize green extractivism in Argentina |journal=The Extractive Industries and Society|volume=11 |doi=10.1016/j.exis.2022.101130 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Giglio, E. |date=2022 |title=Extractivism and its socio-environmental impact in South America. Overview of the Lithium Triangle |journal=América Crítica |pages=47–53}}</ref> On of these countries facing such extraction on a large scale is Argentina.

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==Bibliography==

* {{cite journal|access-date=11 August 2022|date=10 August 2022|first=Ryan|issn=1042-9840|language=en|last=Dube|number=35|title=The Place With the Most Lithium Is Blowing the Electric-Car Revolution|trans-title=El sitio con más litio está perdiéndose la revolución de los carros eléctricos|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/electric-cars-batteries-lithium-triangle-latin-america-11660141017|volume=CCLXXX|journal=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator -->

* {{cita publicación|apellido={{versalita|Quinn}}|nombre=Jack|título=El litio: ¿esperanza o espejismo para América Latina?|url=https://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/latinoamerica/el-litio-esperanza-o-espejismo-para-america-latina-844388|fechaacceso=19 de febrero de 2024|obra=[[El Tiempo (Colombia)]]|fecha=2024|títulotrad=|idioma=es|issn=0121-9987|volumen=|número=}}

== External links ==

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