Content deleted Content added
mNo edit summary |
add some usable urls to cites |
||
Line 62:
The USO/USL staff was heavily involved in the creation of [[SVR4|UNIX System V Release 4]], which shipped in 1989 and was a joint project with [[Sun Microsystems]].<ref name="timeline"/> This work incorporated technology from a variety of Unix-based efforts, including [[UNIX System V]], [[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD]], and [[Xenix]].<ref name="timeline">{{cite web | url=http://www.unix.org/what_is_unix/history_timeline.html | title=History and Timeline | publisher=The Open Group | access-date=December 1, 2017 | archive-date=April 8, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408171534/http://www.unix.org/what_is_unix/history_timeline.html | url-status=live }}</ref> There were additions and new innovations as well from both the AT&T and Sun sides. System V Release 4 debuted at the [[Unix Expo]] trade show in New York in November 1989, in the form of source code availability for it as well as demonstrations from Unix International of SVR4-based applications running on seventeen different vendor platforms.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dTAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA41 | title=Hopes of Reunification Highlight Eventful Year for Unix Community | first=Martin | last=Marshall | newspaper=InfoWorld | date=December 18, 1989 | page=41 | access-date=March 28, 2021 | archive-date=March 28, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328062559/https://books.google.com/books?id=dTAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA41 | url-status=live }}</ref> End-user versions of Release 4 became available during 1990.<ref name="advanced"/>
Next USL engaged in an especially arduous effort into trying to satisfy the requirements of the [[National Computer Security Center]]'s [[Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria]] ("Orange Book") to the B2 level.<ref name="cw-sec">{{cite news | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a6P8XXI-B8cC&pg=PA32 | title=AT&T Unix to gain enhanced security | first=Johanna | last=Ambrosio | newspaper=Computerworld | date=October 1, 1990 | page=32 | access-date=March 28, 2021 | archive-date=March 28, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328062612/https://books.google.com/books?id=a6P8XXI-B8cC&pg=PA32 | url-status=live }}</ref> This manifested itself in System V Release 4.1 ES (Enhanced Security), which also included generally useful features such as support for dynamic loading of kernel modules.<ref>{{cite news |title=Unix International reviews the Unix System V.4 story so far |first=William |last=Fellows |date= August 13, 1992 |work=[[Computergram International]] | publisher=Computer Business Review |url=https://techmonitor.ai/technology/unix_international_reviews_the_unix_system_v4_story_so_far <!--blacklisted http://www.cbronline.com/news/unix_international_reviews_the_unix_system_v4_story_so_far --> }}</ref>
Following that, USL worked on [[UNIX System V#SVR4.2 / UnixWare|System V Release 4.2]], which was released in June 1992.<ref name="iw-42">{{cite news | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7D0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA1 | title=Univel targets UnixWare release for early fall | first1=Vance | last1=McCarthy | first2=Cate | last2=Corcoran | newspaper=InfoWorld | date=May 11, 1992 | pages=1, 103 | access-date=March 28, 2021 | archive-date=March 28, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328062558/https://books.google.com/books?id=7D0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA1 | url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[InfoWorld]]'' characterized this effort as "at the core of an assault on the enterprise networking market," with a modular architecture that stressed improved support for enterprise- and network-level administration, drivers for both [[Token Ring]] and [[Ethernet]], and a greater ability to run on low-end machine configurations.<ref name="iw-42"/>
Line 115:
== Univel and UnixWare ==
{{see also|Univel|UnixWare}}
In December 1991, USL combined with Novell to form the [[Univel]] joint venture.<ref name="cw-univel">{{cite news | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FzdIrgXpYXAC&pg=PA115 | title=Unix Labs, Novell tighten ties | first=Jim | last=Nash | newspaper=Computerworld | date=December 16, 1991 | page=115 | access-date=March 28, 2021 | archive-date=March 28, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328062612/https://books.google.com/books?id=FzdIrgXpYXAC&pg=PA115 | url-status=live }}</ref> The goal was to make the "[[Univel Destiny|Destiny]]" desktop for Intel commodity hardware, which would be USL's first shrink-wrapped binary product, with the necessary resources for sales, marketing, and distribution being moved into the new entity.<ref>{{cite news |work=Computergram International | publisher=Computer Business Review |url=https://techmonitor.ai/technology/unix_labs_and_novell_plan_joint_venture_reveal_bones_of_mass_distribution_alliance <!-- blacklisted http://w w w . c b r o n l i n e . c o m/news/unix_labs_and_novell_plan_joint_venture_reveal_bones_of_mass_distribution_alliance --> |title=Unix Labs and Novell plan join venture, reveal bones of mass distribution alliance |date=October 24, 1991 }}</ref>
[[Kanwal Rekhi]], a Novell vice president who helped launch Univel, said the
goal was to create a "Unix for the masses".<ref>{{cite news | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aw8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA13 | title=Univel developing user-friendly Unix | first=Margie | last=Wylie | magazine=Network World | date=April 13, 1992 | page=13 | access-date=March 28, 2021 | archive-date=July 26, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726130425/https://books.google.com/books?id=aw8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA13 | url-status=live }}</ref>
Line 135:
The move seemed like a long shot to analysts, with a commentary piece in ''[[Computerworld]]'' outlining the obstacles to success and stating, "Saying this deal has the technical potential to counter Windows NT is very different from predicting that it will do so."<ref name="cw-longshot">{{cite news | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=heyWMcI8pQUC&pg=PA34 | first=Charles | last=Babcock | title=Novell's long shot | newspaper=Computerworld | date=January 11, 1993 | page=34 | access-date=March 28, 2021 | archive-date=March 28, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328062602/https://books.google.com/books?id=heyWMcI8pQUC&pg=PA34 | url-status=live }}</ref>
There was negative reaction to the acquisition from USL shareholders, USL employees, and members of Unix International.<ref name="cbr-japan"/> Noorda had to emphasize that Novell had no plans to move USL operations from New Jersey to Utah, where Novell was based.<ref name="cbr-japan"/> And Noorda and Pieper had to travel to Japan to reassure USL shareholders and investors there.<ref name="cbr-japan">{{cite news | url=https://techmonitor.ai/technology/novell_unix_labs_try_to_reassure_japanese_on_the_merger <!-- blacklisted https://www. c b r o n l i n e.com/news/novell_unix_labs_try_to_reassure_japanese_on_the_merger/ --> | title=Novell, Unix Labs Try to Reassure Japanese on the Merger |work=Computergram International | publisher=Computer Business Review | date=March 4, 1993}}</ref>
Nonetheless, the deal was finalized in June 1993.<ref name="pr-finalized">{{cite press release |url = http://tech-insider.org/unix/research/1993/0614.html |title = Novell completes acquisition of UNIX System Laboratories from AT&T |publisher = Business Wire |date = June 14, 1993 |access-date = March 28, 2021 |archive-date = July 7, 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170707211219/http://tech-insider.org/unix/research/1993/0614.html |url-status = live }}</ref>
Line 141:
Rekhi was named as the head of the Unix Systems Group.<ref name="nyt-roel-out"/> Pieper, who had been assigned under Rekhi with little role to play, soon departed, leaving Novell in August 1993.<ref name="cw-roel-out">{{cite news | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PgsZJgu-zDkC&pg=PA16 | title=News Shorts: Pieper bids adieu | newspaper=Computerworld | date=September 6, 1993 | page=16 | access-date=March 28, 2021 | archive-date=March 28, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328062610/https://books.google.com/books?id=PgsZJgu-zDkC&pg=PA16 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="nyt-roel-out">{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/31/business/company-news-standard-set-for-unix-interface.html | title=Novell Unix Official Out | newspaper=The New York Times | date=August 31, 1993 | page=57 | access-date=March 28, 2021 | archive-date=June 24, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624150550/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/31/business/company-news-standard-set-for-unix-interface.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
The USL Europe office in London was moved into Novell's facility in [[Bracknell, Berkshire]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/novell-continues-restructuring--5894 | title=Novell Continues Restructuring | publisher=Telecompaper | date=September 10, 1993 | access-date=March 28, 2021 | archive-date=December 3, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203082350/https://www.telecompaper.com/news/novell-continues-restructuring--5894 | url-status=live }}</ref> The Chorus work it was doing became the basis for the Novell "[[SuperNOS]]", a project to create a microkernel-based, UnixWare–NetWare hybrid, network operating system.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://techmonitor.ai/technology/novell_ready_to_embark_on_the_road_to_object_orientation <!--BD https://www.cbronline.com/news/novell_ready_to_embark_on_the_road_to_object_orientation/ --> | title=Novell ready to embark on the road to object orientation | work=Computergram International | publisher=Computer Business Review | date=April 11, 1995}}</ref>
== Legacy ==
| |||