Computer keyboard: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 21:21, 23 February 2024

Revision as of 20:47, 2 March 2024

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Earlier, [[Herman Hollerith]] developed the first keypunch devices, which soon evolved to include keys for text and number entry akin to normal typewriters by the 1930s.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.zdnet.com/pictures/gallery-ibm-100-years-of-thinking-big/|title=Gallery: IBM: 100 Years of THINKing Big|author=Smith, Andy|work=[[ZDNet]]|date=15 June 2011|access-date=20 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210153020/http://www.zdnet.com/pictures/gallery-ibm-100-years-of-thinking-big/|archive-date=10 December 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The keyboard on the teleprinter played a strong role in point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communication for most of the 20th century, while the keyboard on the keypunch device played a strong role in data entry and storage for just as long. The development of some of the earliest computers incorporated electric typewriter keyboards: the development of the [[ENIAC]] computer incorporated a keypunch device as both the input and paper-based output device, whileand the [[BINAC]] computer also made use of an electromechanically controlled typewriter for both data entry onto magnetic tape (instead of paper) and data output.<ref>{{cite web|website=ComputerWorld.com|date=2 November 2012|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2493059/computer-peripherals/past-is-prototype--the-evolution-of-the-computer-keyboard.html|title=Past is prototype: The evolution of the computer keyboard|access-date=6 August 2018|archive-date=6 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806212417/https://www.computerworld.com/article/2493059/computer-peripherals/past-is-prototype--the-evolution-of-the-computer-keyboard.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

|website=ComputerWorld.com

|date=2 November 2012

|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2493059/computer-peripherals/past-is-prototype--the-evolution-of-the-computer-keyboard.html

|title=Past is prototype: The evolution of the computer keyboard

|access-date=6 August 2018

|archive-date=6 August 2018

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806212417/https://www.computerworld.com/article/2493059/computer-peripherals/past-is-prototype--the-evolution-of-the-computer-keyboard.html

|url-status=live

}}</ref>

The keyboard remained the primary, most integrated computer peripheral well into the era of personal computing until the introduction of the mouse as a consumer device in 1984. By this time, text-only user interfaces with sparse graphics gave way to [[Graphical user interface|comparatively graphics-rich icons on screen]].<ref>{{cite book|chapter = Linear interface for graphical interface of touch-screen|chapter-url = http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2494439|author = D Kocielinski|title = Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services - MobileHCI '13|date = 2013|page = 546|doi = 10.1145/2493190.2494439|isbn = 9781450322737|s2cid = 15291819|access-date = 6 August 2018|archive-date = 18 November 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181118234326/https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2494439|url-status = live}}</ref> However, keyboards remain central to human-computer interaction to the present though mobile personal computing devices such as [[smartphone]]s and [[Tablet computer|tablets]] use a [[virtual keyboard]].