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Guy Harris (talk | contribs) That's a *system* architecture, in which the CPU is a black (well, technically, white) box. |
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In [[computer science]] and [[computer engineering]], '''computer architecture''' is a description of the structure of a [[computer]] system made from component parts.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dragoni|first=Nicole|title=Introduction to peer to peer computing|url=http://www2.imm.dtu.dk/courses/02220/2017/L6/P2P.pdf|website=DTU Compute – Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science|___location=Lyngby, Denmark|date=n.d.}}</ref> It can sometimes be a high-level description that ignores details of the implementation.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Clements|first1=Alan|title=Principles of Computer Hardware|page=1|edition=Fourth|quote=Architecture describes the internal organization of a computer in an abstract way; that is, it defines the capabilities of the computer and its programming model. You can have two computers that have been constructed in different ways with different technologies but with the same architecture.}}</ref> At a more detailed level, the description may include the [[instruction set architecture]] design, [[microarchitecture]] design, [[logic design]], and [[implementation]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hennessy|first1=John|last2=Patterson|first2=David|title=Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach|page=11|edition=Fifth|quote=This task has many aspects, including instruction set design, functional organization, logic design, and implementation.}}</ref>
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The first documented computer architecture was in the correspondence between [[Charles Babbage]] and [[Ada Lovelace]], describing the [[analytical engine]]. While building the computer [[Z1 (computer)|Z1]] in 1936, [[Konrad Zuse]] described in two patent applications for his future projects that machine instructions could be stored in the same storage used for data, i.e., the [[Stored-program computer|stored-program]] concept.<ref>{{citation |title=Electronic Digital Computers |journal=Nature |date=25 September 1948 |volume=162 |page=487 |url=http://www.computer50.org/kgill/mark1/natletter.html |access-date=2009-04-10 |doi=10.1038/162487a0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406014626/http://www.computer50.org/kgill/mark1/natletter.html |archive-date=6 April 2009 |url-status=dead |last1=Williams |first1=F. C. |last2=Kilburn |first2=T. |issue=4117 |bibcode=1948Natur.162..487W |s2cid=4110351 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>Susanne Faber, "Konrad Zuses Bemuehungen um die Patentanmeldung der Z3", 2000</ref> Two other early and important examples are:
* [[John von Neumann]]'s 1945 paper, [[First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC]], which described an organization of logical elements;<ref>{{Cite book|title=First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC|last=Neumann|first=John|year=1945|pages=9}}</ref> and
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