Dual inheritance theory: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:15, 3 April 2024

Revision as of 20:18, 3 April 2024

Line 44:

'''Lactase persistence'''

One of the best known examples is the prevalence of the genotype for adult lactose absorption in human populations, such as Northern Europeans and some African societies, with a long history of raising cattle for milk. Until around 7,500 years ago,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Itan|first1=Yuval|last2=Powell|first2=Adam|last3=Beaumont|first3=Mark A.|last4=Burger|first4=Joachim|last5=Thomas|first5=Mark G.|date=2009-08-28|title=The Origins of Lactase Persistence in Europe|journal=PLOS Computational Biology|volume=5|issue=8|pages=e1000491|doi=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000491|issn=1553-7358| pmc=2722739 |pmid=19714206|bibcode=2009PLSCB...5E0491I |doi-access=free }}</ref> lactase production stopped shortly after weaning,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Malmström|first1=Helena|last2=Linderholm|first2=Anna|last3=Lidén|first3=Kerstin|last4=Storå|first4=Jan|last5=Molnar|first5=Petra|last6=Holmlund|first6=Gunilla|last7=Jakobsson|first7=Mattias|last8=Götherström|first8=Anders|date=2010-01-01|title=High frequency of lactose intolerance in a prehistoric hunter-gatherer population in northern Europe|journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology|volume=10|issue=1 |pages=89|doi=10.1186/1471-2148-10-89|issn=1471-2148| pmc=2862036 |pmid=20353605 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2010BMCEE..10...89M }}</ref> and in societies which did not develop dairying, such as East Asians and Amerindians, this is still true today.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/mace-lab/resources/glad/LP_maps|title=Maps|website=www.ucl.ac.uk|language=en|access-date=2017-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328105300/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/mace-lab/resources/glad/LP_maps|archive-date=2017-03-28|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gerbault|first1=Pascale|last2=Roffet-Salque|first2=Mélanie|last3=Evershed|first3=Richard P.|last4=Thomas|first4=Mark G.|date=2013-12-01|title=How long have adult humans been consuming milk?|journal=IUBMB Life|language=en|volume=65|issue=12|pages=983–990|doi=10.1002/iub.1227|pmid=24339181|s2cid=34564411|issn=1521-6551|doi-access=free}}</ref> In areas with lactase persistence, it is believed that by domesticating animals, a source of milk became available while an adult and thus strong selection for lactase persistence could occur,;<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Bersaglieri|first1=Todd|last2=Sabeti|first2=Pardis C.|author2-link=Pardis Sabeti|last3=Patterson|first3=Nick|last4=Vanderploeg|first4=Trisha|last5=Schaffner|first5=Steve F.|last6=Drake|first6=Jared A.|last7=Rhodes|first7=Matthew|last8=Reich|first8=David E.|last9=Hirschhorn|first9=Joel N.|date=2017-03-27|title=Genetic Signatures of Strong Recent Positive Selection at the Lactase Gene|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=74|issue=6|pages=1111–1120|doi=10.1086/421051|issn=0002-9297| pmc=1182075 |pmid=15114531}}</ref> in a Scandinavian population, the estimated [[selection coefficient]] was 0.09-0.19.<ref name=":1" /> This implies that the cultural practice of raising cattle first for meat and later for milk led to [[Lactose intolerence#Evolutionary history|selection for genetic traits for lactose digestion]].<ref>Laland, K. N. and G. R. Brown. 2002. ''Sense & Nonsense: Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Behavior.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 260</ref> Recently, analysis of natural selection on the human genome suggests that civilization has accelerated genetic change in humans over the past 10,000 years.<ref>Cochran, G. and H. Harpending. 2009. ''The 10,000 Year Explosion: How Civilization Accelerated Human Evolution.'' Basic Books.</ref>

'''Food processing'''