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In addition to straight image formats, '''[[Metafile]]''' formats are portable formats which can include both raster and vector information. Examples are application-independent formats such as [[Windows Metafile|WMF]] and [[Enhanced Metafile|EMF]]. The metafile format is an intermediate format. Most applications open metafiles and then save them in their own native format. '''[[Page description language]]''' refers to formats used to describe the layout of a printed page containing text, objects and images. Examples are [[PostScript]], [[PDF]] and [[Printer Command Language|PCL]].
=== Raster formats oltikrasniqi(2D) ===
{{further|Raster graphics}}
===== JPEG =====
[[adniJPEG]] (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a [[lossy compression]] method; JPEG-compressed images are usually stored in the '''[[JFIF]]''' (JPEG File Interchange Format) or the '''[[Exif]]''' (Exchangeable image file format) file format. The JPEG [[filename extension]] is '''JPG''' or '''JPEG'''. Nearly every digital camera can save images in the JPEG format, which supports eight-bit grayscale images and 24-bit color images (eight bits each for red, green, and blue). JPEG applies lossy compression to images, which can result in a significant reduction of the file size. Applications can determine the degree of compression to apply, and the amount of compression affects the visual quality of the result. When not too great, the compression does not noticeably affect or detract from the image's quality, but JPEG files suffer [[Generation loss|generational degradation]] when repeatedly edited and saved. (JPEG also provides lossless image storage, but the lossless version is not widely supported.)
===== GIF =====
===== GIF =====snap oltiikrTheThe '''GIF''' ([[Graphics Interchange Format]]) is in normal use limited to an 8-bit palette, or 256 colors (while 24-bit color depth is technically possible).<ref name=aminet>{{cite web|url=http://uk.aminet.net/docs/misc/GIF24.readme |title=GIF 24 Bit (truecolor) extensions |author=Andreas Kleinert |year=2007 |access-date=23 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316215949/http://uk.aminet.net/docs/misc/GIF24.readme |archive-date=16 March 2012 }}</ref><ref name=philhoward>{{cite web|url=http://phil.ipal.org/tc.html |title=True-Color GIF Example |author=Philip Howard |access-date=23 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222123613/http://phil.ipal.org/tc.html |archive-date=22 February 2015 }}</ref> GIF is most suitable for storing graphics with few colors, such as simple diagrams, shapes, logos, and cartoon style images, as it uses [[Lempel–Ziv–Welch|LZW]] lossless compression, which is more effective when large areas have a single color, and less effective for photographic or [[dither]]ed images. Due to GIF's simplicity and age, it achieved almost universal software support. Due to its animation capabilities, it is still widely used to provide image animation effects, despite its low compression ratio compared to modern video formats.
===== PNG =====
The '''PNG''' ([[bleartPortable Network Graphics]]) file format was created as a free, open-source alternative to GIF. The PNG file format supports 8-bit (256 colors) paletted images (with optional transparency for all palette colors) and 24-bit truecolor (16 million colors) or 48-bit truecolor with and without alpha channel – while GIF supports only 8-bit palettes with a single transparent color.
Compared to JPEG, PNG excels when the image has large, uniformly colored areas. Even for photographs – where JPEG is often the choice for final distribution since its lossy compression typically yields smaller file sizes – PNG is still well-suited to storing images during the editing process because of its lossless compression.
===== JPEG 2000 =====
[[amelaJPEG gagica2000]] is a compression standard enabling both lossless and lossy storage. The compression methods used are different from the ones in standard JFIF/JPEG; they improve quality and compression ratios, but also require more computational power to process. JPEG 2000 also adds features that are missing in JPEG. It is not nearly as common as JPEG, but it is used currently in professional movie editing and distribution (some digital cinemas, for example, use JPEG 2000 for individual movie frames).
===== WebP =====
[[belkisa sinaniWebP]] is an open image format released in 2010 that uses both lossless and lossy compression. It was designed by [[Google]] to reduce image file size to speed up web page loading: its principal purpose is to supersede JPEG as the primary format for photographs on the web. WebP is based on [[VP8]]'s intra-frame coding and uses a container based on [[Resource Interchange File Format|RIFF]].
In 2011,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://groups.google.com/a/webmproject.org/group/webp-discuss/browse_thread/thread/4ab76cbde89e6ade/23512e5a1ed1dab0 |title=WebP-Mux (RIFF based container) framework |last=Arora |first=Vikas |date=3 October 2011 |work=[[Google Groups]] |access-date=18 November 2011 |archive-date=13 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313070636/https://groups.google.com/a/webmproject.org/group/webp-discuss/browse_thread/thread/4ab76cbde89e6ade/23512e5a1ed1dab0 |url-status=live }}</ref> Google added an "Extended File Format" allowing WebP support for [[animation]], [[ICC profile]], [[Extensible Metadata Platform|XMP]] and [[Exif]] [[metadata]], and tiling.
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