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Researchers have found that there is a disproportion in ELL students identified into special education.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> There can be an overrepresentation where ELL students can be qualified into special education services but do not truly have a disability, or there can be an underrepresentation where a disability exists but the ELL student is not qualified into special education because it is deemed a language development related issue.<ref name=":4" />'''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-06-10|title=Challenges in Special Education Identification for ELLs|url=https://www.colorincolorado.org/special-education-ell/identification|access-date=2021-10-16|website=Colorín Colorado|language=en}}</ref>'''When determining the reasoning behind academic difficulties, areas such as standardized tests, observation and parent involvement have been considered to determine the struggle of the student.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Supporting Academic and Affective Learning Processes for English Language Learners with Universal Design for Learning |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44984766}}</ref> Although assessments in schools common, the reliability of this in terms of language proficiency and learning disability can be questionable considering their limitations.
Most ELL students qualify under the [[specific learning disability]] or [[speech and language impairment]] categories.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="WIDA">{{Cite web |last=WIDA |date=May 2017 |title=Identifying Multilingual Learners with Specific Learning Disabilities: Data, Advice, and Resources for School Teams |url=https://wida.wisc.edu/sites/default/files/resource/FocusBulletin-Identifying-Multilingual-Learners-Specific-Learning-Disabilities.pdf |website=WIDA}}</ref> According to [[WIDA Consortium|WIDA]], states with the highest identification of ELLs with disabilities, the specific learning disability category is the highest category for special education qualification. (See the "WIDA Focus On: ELLs with Specific Learning Disabilities" fact sheet]<ref name=WIDA/> for a detailed map breakdown by state on percentages of ELLs identified into this category.) Although a language barrier is present, when classifying the disability or impairment intrinsic and extrinsic factors considered are:
* Environment
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