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}}</ref> can be used to create optical [[logic gate]]s,<ref name=jainprattpatent /> which in turn are assembled into the higher level components of the computer's [[central processing unit]] (CPU). These will be nonlinear optical crystals used to manipulate light beams into controlling other light beams.
Like any computing system, an optical computing system needs
# optical processor
# optical data transfer, e.g. fiber-optic cable
# [[optical storage]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/video/project-silica-storing-data-in-glass|title=Project Silica|website=Microsoft Research|date=4 November 2019 |language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-07}}</ref>
# optical power source (light source)
Substituting electrical components will need data format conversion from photons to electrons, which will make the system slower.
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