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===Power systems===
In recent years, HIL for power systems has been used for verifying the stability, operation, and fault tolerance of large-scale [[electrical grid]]s.<ref>[https://knowledge.rtds.com/hc/en-us/articles/14839374359831-HIL-Testbed-for-SCE-s-Grid-Management-System | Test Bed for Grid Management System]</ref> Current-generation real-time processing platforms have the capability to model large-scale power systems in real-time.<ref>[https://knowledge.rtds.com/hc/en-us/articles/20510939298967-Two-Core-Parallel-Network-Solution-for-NovaCor-Real-Time-Digital-Simulator | Y. Hu, Y. Zhang and T. Maguire, "Two-Core Parallel Network Solution for NovaCor® Real-Time Digital Simulator," 2022 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), Denver, CO, USA, 2022, pp. 01-05, doi: 10.1109/PESGM48719.2022.9916987.]</ref>This includes systems with more than 10,000 buses with associated generators, loads, power-factor correction devices, and network interconnections.<ref>[https://knowledge.rtds.com/hc/en-us/articles/360034294954-TSAT-RTDS-Interface | Y. Hu, Y. Zhang and T. Maguire, "Two-Core Parallel Network Solution for NovaCor® Real-Time Digital Simulator," 2022 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), Denver, CO, USA, 2022, pp. 01-05, doi: 10.1109/PESGM48719.2022.9916987.]</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ePHASORsim Real-Time Transient Stability Simulator|url=http://www.opal-rt.com/sites/default/files/OPAL-RT_Presentation_ePHASORsim_RT13.pdf|accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> These types of simulation platforms enable the evaluation and testing of large-scale power systems in a realistic emulated environment. Moreover, HIL for power systems has been used for investigating the integration of distributed resources, next-generation [[SCADA]] systems and [[Power Management Unit|power management units]], and [[STATCOM|static synchronous compensator]] devices.<ref>{{cite book|last=Al-Hammouri|first=A.T|author2=Nordstrom, L. |author3=Chenine, M. |author4=Vanfretti, L. |author5=Honeth, N. |author6= Leelaruji, R. |title=2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting |chapter=Virtualization of synchronized phasor measurement units within real-time simulators for smart grid applications |publisher=Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2012 IEEE|date=22 July 2012|pages=1–7|doi=10.1109/PESGM.2012.6344949|isbn=978-1-4673-2729-9|s2cid=10605905|chapter-url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-70274}}</ref>
===Offshore systems===
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