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* The 300 kW [[Marine Current Turbines]] (MCT) SeaFlow turbine was installed in summer 2003 and tested off the coast of [[Lynmouth]], Devon, England.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-08-04 |title=Technology Review: Tidal Power Comes to Market |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/Energy/21142/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |archive-date=4 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080804110058/https://www.technologyreview.com/Energy/21142/ |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>
* In 2004, the world's first tidal-stream turbine was connected to an electricity grid, the 300 kW Hammerfest Strøm HS300, located in the waters of [[Kvalsundet]], Finnmark, Norway.<ref name=":0">{{Cite report |url=https://www.andritz.com/resource/blob/31444/cf15d27bc23fd59db125229506ec87c7/hy-hammerfest-data.pdf |title=Renewable energy from tidal currents |last=ANDRITZ HYDRO Hammerfest
* The first tidal stream turbine test site was constructed in 2005 and opened in 2006, in the Fall of Wanress to the west of Eday, Orkney, part of the European Marine Energy Centre.<ref name=":21" />
* The significantly more powerful, 1.2 MW MCT [[SeaGen]] turbine was installed in [[Strangford Lough]], Northern Ireland, in May 2008 and grid connected in July.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2020 |title=SeaGen Turbine, Northern Ireland, UK |url=https://www.power-technology.com/projects/strangford-lough/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Power Technology |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Also in May 2008, OpenHydro was the first tidal turbine connected to the [[National Grid (Great Britain)|National Grid]] in Great Britain (GB). The 250 kW device was tested in the Fall of Warness, [[Eday]], Orkney.<ref name=":19">{{Cite news |title=OpenHydro turbine connected to UK grid |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/openhydro-turbine-connected-to-uk-grid-1.1215519 |access-date=2023-12-21 |newspaper=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref>
* Verdant Power installed six 35 kW turbines in New York's [[East River]], supplying power to two local businesses, claimed as the world's first tidal array.<ref name="nytimes20120912" />
* In August 2016, Nova Innovation installed a second 100 kW turbine in the [[Bluemull Sound]], Shetland, connected to the GB Grid, also claimed as the world's first tidal array.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=World first for Shetlands in tidal power breakthrough |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/aug/29/world-first-for-shetlands-in-tidal-power-breakthrough |access-date=8 September 2016 |work=
* A dedicated site for testing tidal stream turbines was pre-consented at the [[European Marine Energy Centre]] in 2016, to simplify the process for developers testing devices.<ref>{{Cite web |last=EMEC |title=Consents |url=https://www.emec.org.uk/services/provision-of-wave-and-tidal-testing/consents/ |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=European Marine Energy Centre |language=en}}</ref>
* Phase 1 of the [[MeyGen]] project was commissioned in 2017, with four turbines totaling 6 MW installed, making it the largest tidal array to date.<ref name=":10" />
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=== Andritz Hydro Hammerfest ===
'''Hammerfest Strøm AS''' was a Norwegian developer of tidal stream turbines, based in [[Hammerfest]]. In 2010, Austrian hydropower company [[Andritz AG]] bought one third of the shares.<ref>{{Cite web
In November 2003, Hammerfest Strøm installed their '''HS300''' turbine in [[Kvalsundet]], Norway.<ref name=":1">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Kvalsundet tidevannskraftverk |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=Norsk nettleksikon |___location=Oslo |url=http://snl.no/Kvalsundet_tidevannskraftverk |last=Askheim |first=Svein |editor-last=Godal |editor-first=Anne Marit |editor-link=Anne Marit Godal |language=Norwegian |access-date=2023-12-20}}</ref> This 300 kW prototype was a 20 m diameter three-bladed horizontal-axis turbine. It sat on a monopile foundation in 50 m deep water. In 2003, the project was reported to have cost US$11m.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2003-09-22 |title=Norway tries underwater 'windmills' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna3087374 |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> The HS300 turbine was connected to the grid in 2014, and operated for over 16,000 hours before it was decommissioned in 2011 and removed in 2012.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Kvalsund Tidal Turbine Prototype {{!}} Tethys |url=https://tethys.pnnl.gov/project-sites/kvalsund-tidal-turbine-prototype |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=tethys.pnnl.gov}}</ref>
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=== Sustainable Marine Energy ===
'''Sustainable Marine Energy Ltd''' (SME) was a developer of floating tidal stream turbines, founded in 2012 but went into administration in August 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Garanovic |first=Amir |date=2023-08-10 |title=Sustainable Marine Energy sinks into administration |url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/sustainable-marine-energy-sinks-into-administration/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Offshore Energy |language=en-US}}</ref> Originally based in London, it moved to [[East Cowes]], Isle of Wight in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrass |first=Christopher |date=2013-05-31 |title=Sustainable Marine Energy opens new HQ on the Isle of Wight |url=https://onthewight.com/sustainable-marine-energy/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Isle of Wight News from OnTheWight |language=en-GB}}</ref> The company then moved its operational base to [[Kirkwall]] in Orkney in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-05-03 |title=Sustainable Marine Energy raises £4.5m investment for tidal array in Orkney |url=https://www.newpower.info/2016/05/sustainable-marine-energy-raises-4-5m-investment-for-tidal-array-in-orkney/ |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=New Power |language=en-US}}</ref> By 2017, the head office had been relocated to ''La Belle Esperance'', a barge moored on The Shore, [[Leith]], Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-07-03 |title=Contact Sustainable Marine |url=http://sustainablemarine.com/contact |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703095315/http://sustainablemarine.com/contact |archive-date=2017-07-03 |access-date=2024-02-04
Their first platform, '''PLAT-O''', was a submerged mid-water-column device, with two 50 kW [[Schottel (company)|Schottel]] SIT turbines, mounted between three buoyant hulls. It was initially tested in [[The Solent]], before being tested at [[European Marine Energy Centre|EMEC]] in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2016 |title=SME wets Plato head |url=https://renews.biz/42313/sme-wets-plato-head/ |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=ReNEWS.biz}}</ref>
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An upgraded '''PLAT-I''' '''6.4''', with six 4 m diameter rotors, totaling 420 kW, was built by A.F. Theriault & Son Ltd. in Meteghan, Nova Scotia in 2021.<ref name=":16" /> The turbine was tested at FORCE in the Grand Passage, delivering the first floating tidal power to the Canadian grid in April 2022.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=Garanovic |first=Amir |date=2022-04-12 |title=Sustainable Marine delivers first 'grid-compliant' floating tidal power system in Canada |url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/sustainable-marine-delivers-first-grid-compliant-floating-tidal-power-system-in-canada/ |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=Offshore Energy |language=en-US}}</ref>
SME developed the '''Pempa’q project''' at FORCE which was to comprise an array of the PLAT-I turbines, with up to 9 MW installed.<ref>{{Cite web
In October 2022, the company split out its anchoring solutions as '''Swift Anchors''', with the aim to focus on different technologies including [[Floating wind turbine|Floating offshore wind]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-19 |title=Sustainable Marine sells Swift Anchors to SCHOTTEL |url=https://www.offshore-mag.com/business-briefs/company-news/article/14284424/sustainable-marine-sells-swift-anchors-to-schottel |access-date=2023-12-22 |website=Offshore}}</ref>
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TGL tested a 500 kW turbine at [[European Marine Energy Centre|EMEC]] from September 2010 as part of the Deep-Gen III project.<ref name=":04" /> This was the first turbine installed at EMEC that was eligible for [[Renewables Obligation (United Kingdom)|Renewables Obligation Certificates]].<ref name=":110">{{Cite web |last=Shead |first=Sam |date=2011-10-27 |title=Prototype tidal turbine delivers 100MWh to Scottish grid |url=https://www.theengineer.co.uk/content/news/prototype-tidal-turbine-delivers-100mwh-to-scottish-grid/ |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=The Engineer |language=en}}</ref> By September 2012, it had generated over 250 MWh of electricity which was supplied to the local grid.
An upgraded 1 MW Deep-Gen IV turbine was developed while part of Rolls-Royce within the ''Reliable Data Acquisition Platform for Tidal'' (ReDAPT) project, partly funded by the [[Energy Technologies Institute]].<ref name=":110" /> The turbine rotor was 18 m in diameter, mounted on a 22 m long nacelle, with a mass of under 150 t.<ref>{{Cite web
In 2014, a 1.4 MW turbine was proposed, again with an 18 m diameter rotor. It was marketed as the Oceade™ 18 – 1.4 MW, but was never built.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Visser |first=Anne |date=2014-10-01 |title=Alstom Presents 1.4MW Tidal Turbine |url=https://www.offshorewind.biz/2014/10/01/alstom-presents-1-4mw-tidal-turbine/ |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=Offshore Wind |language=en-US}}</ref>
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=== Tocardo ===
'''Tocardo BV''' is a Dutch tidal stream turbine developer, jointly owned by QED Naval and Hydrowing as of January 2020.<ref>{{Cite web
A prototype T1 turbine was tested in the sluice of the [[Afsluitdijk]] (Closure Dyke) in the Netherlands in 2008. This was 2.8 m in diameter and rated at 45 kW.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.ocean-energy-systems.org/publications/oes-annual-reports/document/oes-annual-report-2008/ |title=2008 Annual Report |date=February 2009 |publisher=International Energy Agency Implementing Agreement on Ocean Energy Systems (IEA-OES) |page=98}}</ref> In early 2015, a further three Tocardo T1 turbines were installed, each rated at 100 kW.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-15 |title=Tidal power plants are put to the test in the Netherlands {{!}} Engineer Live |url=https://www.engineerlive.com/node/18486 |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=www.engineerlive.com}}</ref>
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The 110 kW HyTide 110–5.3 turbine was tested in southern [[South Korea]], near [[Jindo (island)|Jindo island]] in 2010, a 1/3rd scale prototype. This had a 5.33 m diameter rotor, 22 m<sup>2</sup> swept area. The turbine was designed to be simple, with a direct-drive generator (without gearbox) and no yaw or blade pitch adjustment. It also had no dynamic seals, thus the generator was cooled by seawater. The turbine was prototype certified by [[Germanischer Lloyd]].<ref>{{Cite conference |last1=Arlitt |first1=Raphael |last2=Argyriadis |first2=K |date=2010-10-06 |title=Development and Certification of the Voith Hydro HyTide® 110 Tidal turbine |url=https://www.ocean-energy-systems.org/documents/17094-icoe2010-r.arlitt.pdf/ |conference=3rd International Conference on Ocean Energy, 6 October, Bilbao}}</ref>
A full-scale 1 MW horizontal-axis turbine was then tested at EMEC between 2013 and 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tidal clients / Voith Hydro |url=https://www.emec.org.uk/about-us/our-tidal-clients/voith-hydro/ |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=EMEC: European Marine Energy Centre |language=}}</ref> The HyTide 1000 had a 13 m diameter rotor (133 m<sup>2</sup> swept area), and weighed around 200 tonnes. It was installed by ''SLA Offshore'' in September 2013, from the [[Dynamic positioning|DP II]] vessel ''MV Lone''.<ref>{{Cite web
Voith also acquired the 250 kW [[Islay LIMPET]] [[wave power]] station in 2005.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2005-05-24 |title=Buyout saves wave power company |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/4575583.stm |access-date=2024-01-06 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
=== Zhejiang University ===
'''Zhejiang University''' has installed three tidal stream turbines to the north of Zhairuoshan Island ({{coord|29|57|27.03|N|122|4|57.31|E|}}), in the [[Zhoushan]] archipelago.<ref>{{Cite web
== List of grid-connected tidal stream generators ==
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|2023-12{{NoteTag|Turbine to be upgraded and redeployed in 2025|name=Goto}}
|<ref name=":15" /><ref>{{Cite web
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|Orbital, [[Orbital O2|O2]]
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