Physically based rendering: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 09:05, 24 May 2024

Revision as of 14:23, 26 May 2024

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[[File:Physically Based Rendering Sample 2.png|thumb|upright=1.2|A [[diamond plate]] texture rendered close-up using physically based rendering principles. [[Specular highlight#Microfacets|Microfacet]] abrasions cover the material, giving it a rough, realistic look even though the material is a [[metal]]. [[Specular highlight]]s are high and realistically modeled at the appropriate edge of the tread using a [[normal mapping|normal map]].]]

'''Physically based rendering''' ('''PBR''') is a [[computer graphics]] approach that seeks to [[3D rendering|render]] images in a way that models the lights and surfaces with [[optics]] in the real world. It is often referred to as "Physically Based Lighting" or "Physically Based Shading". Many PBR pipelines aim to achieve [[photorealism]]. Feasible and quick [[approximation]]s of the [[bidirectional reflectance distribution function]] and [[rendering equation]] are of mathematical importance in this field. [[Photogrammetry]] may be used to help discover and encode accurate optical properties of materials. PBR principles may be implemented in real-time applications using [[Shader]]s or offline applications using [[Ray tracing (graphics)|ray tracing]] or [[Path tracing|path tracing]].

==History==

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The phrase "Physically Based Rendering" was more widely popularized by [[Matt Pharr]], Greg Humphreys, and [[Pat Hanrahan]] in their book of the same name from 2004, a seminal work in modern computer graphics that won its authors a Technical Achievement [[Academy Award]] for [[special effects]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Pharr |first=Matt |title=Physically Based Rendering: From Theory to Implementation |last2=Humphreys |first2=Greg |last3=Hanrahan |first3=Pat |publisher=Morgan Kaufmann |year=2004 |isbn=9780080538969 |edition=1st}}</ref> The book is now in its fourth edition.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Pharr |first=Matt |title=Physically Based Rendering: From Theory to Implementation |last2=Jakob |first2=Wenzel |last3=Humphreys |first3=Greg |publisher=The MIT Press |year=2023 |isbn=9780262048026 |edition=4th}}</ref>

The first successful, yet partial implementation of physically-based rendering in a video game can be found in the 2013 title Remember Me, that despite being built on a game engine not natively supporting this technology ([[Unreal Engine#Unreal Engine 3|Unreal Engine 3)]]) was properly modified to accommodate this feature.<ref name=":3" /> Despite being a moderate approach to PBR, its accuracy has been further refined with posterior titles such as [[Ryse: Son of Rome]] and [[Killzone Shadow Fall]], released on the same year, until the current state of PBR advancements in the 2020s. <ref name=":4" /> <ref name=":5" />

==Process==