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The measurements taken by the spirometry device are used to generate a pneumotachograph that can help to assess lung conditions such as: asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [[Physician]]s may also use the test results to diagnose bronchial hyperresponsiveness to exercise, cold air, or pharmaceutical agents.<ref>{{cite web | title = Pulmonary Function Test in New York | date = June 2010 | vauthors = Gafanovich M | url = http://www.mynycdoctor.com/pulmonary-function-testing }}</ref>
==== Helium
{{Main|Helium dilution technique}}
The [[helium dilution technique]] for measuring lung volumes uses a closed, rebreathing circuit.<ref name="pmid5475674">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hathirat S, Mitchell M, Renzetti AD | title = Measurement of the total lung capacity by helium dilution in a constant volume system | journal = The American Review of Respiratory Disease | volume = 102 | issue = 5 | pages = 760–70 | date = November 1970 | pmid = 5475674 | doi = 10.1164/arrd.1970.102.5.760 | doi-broken-date = 31 January 2024 }}</ref> This technique is based on the assumptions that a known volume and concentration of helium in air begin in the closed [[spirometer]], that the patient has no helium in their lungs, and that an equilibration of helium can occur between the spirometer and the lungs.{{cn|date=November 2023}}
==== Nitrogen Washout ====
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