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IBM introduced its first [[supercomputer]], the [[IBM 7030 Stretch]], in May 1961. They had to withdraw it from the market when tests at the launch customer, [[Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory]], demonstrated it had very poor real-world performance. Almost immediately, IBM organized two development projects, '''Project X''' at the [[IBM Poughkeepsie Laboratory]] and '''Project Y''' at the [[IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center]]. Project X was tasked with designing a machine that would run 10 to 20 times as fast as Stretch, while Y was to be 100 times faster.{{sfn|Smotherman|Sussenguth|Robelen|2016|p=60}}
In the spring of 1962, [[Control Data Corporation]] (CDC) announced that they had installed two computers at [[Lawrence Radiation Laboratory]] and had received a contract for a third, a much more powerful design. That new machine was officially announced in August 1963 as the [[CDC 6600]], causing IBM CEO [[Thomas J. Watson Jr.]] to write a
At a meeting in September 1963, IBM decided to shore up the high-end of what was then known as the New Product Line, or NPL. Project X was directed to implement the NPL [[instruction set]], becoming a high-end machine in that lineup. When NPL was launched in 1964 as the [[System/360]], Project X became the Model 92, later renamed Model 91. Eventually, about a dozen machines in the Model 90 series would be sold.{{sfn|Smotherman|Sussenguth|Robelen|2016|p=60}}
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