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The '''SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System''' ('''ADS''') is an [[online database]] of over 15 million records of publications developed by the [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] (NASA) on [[Astronomy & Astrophysics|astronomy]] and [[physics]]. [[abstract (summary)|Abstracts]] are freely available for most articles, and fully scanned articles may be available in [[Graphics Interchange Format]] (GIF) and [[Portable Document Format]] (PDF). Hosted papers may be from [[peer review]]ed or non-peer-reviewed sources. In addition to this, the database also hosts abstracts from esteemed international conferences and accepted telescope observation proposals (for example, from the [[James Webb Space Telescope]]). ADS is managed by the [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory]].
Beginning in 1992, ADS is a research tool that improves astronomical research, and is specifically tailored to astronomical needs.<ref name="announcement">{{cite journal |last=Kurtz |first=M.J. |display-authors=et al. |year=1993 |title=Intelligent Text Retrieval in the NASA Astrophysics Data System |journal=Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems II |volume=52 |page=132 |bibcode=1993ASPC...52..132K}}</ref> The monetary benefit to astronomy that ADS contributes is equivalent to several hundred million in [[USD|US dollars]] every year (2005).<ref name="overview" /><ref name="impact">{{cite journal |last=Kurtz |first=M.J. |author2=Eichhorn G. |author3=Accomazzi A. |author4=Grant C.S. |author5=Demleitner M. |author6=Murray S.S. |year=2005 |title=Worldwide Use and Impact of the NASA Astrophysics Data System Digital Library |journal=Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=36–45 |arxiv=0909.4786 |bibcode=2005JASIS..56...36K |doi=10.1002/asi.20095 |s2cid=15181632}} ([http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~kurtz/jasis-abstract.html Preprint])</ref>
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