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With PsF, a progressive frame is divided into two ''segments'', with the odd lines in one segment and the even lines in the other segment. Technically, the segments are equivalent to interlaced ''fields'', but unlike native interlaced video, there is no motion between the two fields that make up the video frame: both fields represent the same instant in time. This technique allows for a progressive picture to be processed through the same electronic circuitry that is used to store, process and route interlaced video.
The term ''progressive segmented frame'' is used predominantly in relation to [[high-definition video|high definition]] video. In the world of [[standard-definition video]], which traditionally has been using interlaced scanning, it is also known as ''quasi-interlace'',<ref name="POYNTON_DVANDHDTV_P62">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ra1lcAwgvq4C&pg=RA1-PA62|title=Charles Poynton, Digital Video and HDTV: Algorithms and Interfaces|isbn=9781558607927|last1=Poynton|first1=Charles|year=2003|publisher=Morgan Kaufmann }}</ref> ''progressive recording''<ref name="DCR-HC36/HC46/HC96 OG PR">{{cite web|url=http://www.docs.sony.com/release/DCRHC36-46-96.pdf |title=DCR-HC36/HC46/HC96 Operating Guide |publisher=Sony Corporation |year=2006 |accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref> or ''movie mode''.<ref name="WSS">{{cite web |last=Hosgood |first=Steven |date=1995 |title=All You Ever Wanted to Know About PALplus but were Afraid to Ask |url=http://stoneship.org.uk/~steve/palplus.html |
== History ==
PsF was designed to simplify the conversion of cinematic content to different video standards, and as a means of video exchange between networks and broadcasters worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mendrala |first=Jim |date=December 5, 1998 |title=A discussion of 24p frame and the new 48sF frame format |url=http://www.tech-notes.tv/Jim/Articles/24vs48sF.html |
Not everyone welcomed the PsF standard, however. Some industry observers maintained that native 24p processing would have been a better and cleaner choice. [[Charles Poynton]], an authority in digital television, made the following remark in his book: "Proponents of [PsF] scheme claim compatibility with interlaced processing and recording equipment, a dubious objective in my view."<ref name="POYNTON_DVANDHDTV_P62"/> William F. Schreiber, former Director of the Advanced Television Research Program at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]], suspected that the continued advocacy of interlaced equipment originated from consumer electronics companies that were trying to get back the substantial investments they had made in obsolete technology.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinemasource.com/articles/hist_politics_dtv.pdf|title=The history and politics of DTV}}</ref>
== Usage ==
Despite the criticism, PsF quickly became a de facto standard for high quality film-to-video transfer. One of the documented examples of PsF usage is the 2003 transfer of the film "[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]" to [[DVD]], performed by [[Artisan Entertainment]] and [[THX]]. The original 24 frame/s movie was converted to PsF format and recorded to [[D5 HD|HD-D5]] videotapes. This allowed for the creation of a [[digital master]] that was nearly identical to the original film, and made it possible to edit digitally at the native frame rate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dtvforum.info/lofiversion/index.php/t16581.html|title=Terminator 2: Extreme Edition|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531060116/http://www.dtvforum.info/lofiversion/index.php/t16581.html|archivedate=2008-05-31}}</ref> The same digital master appears to be used for the 2006 [[Blu-ray Disc]] transfer of the movie.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bracke |first=Peter M. |date=June 27, 2006 |title=Terminator 2: Judgment Day (Blu-ray) |url=http://bluray.highdefdigest.com/terminator2.html |
PsF has been recognized by [[Rec. 709#Frame rate|Recommendation ITU-R BT.709]] as a legitimate way to transport progressive frames within an interlaced system. 25PsF and 30PsF rates have been added to the specification in addition to the more established 24PsF. "Fractional" frame rates, having the above values divided by 1.001, are also permitted; the resulting 23.976PsF and 29.97PsF rates are used in 59.94 Hz systems. No change from 59.94 Hz systems to 60 Hz (although provided for and anticipated) has occurred allowing display on analog NTSC color televisions and monitors after down-conversion and encoding.
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== Variants ==
* '''24PsF''' (48sF, 1080sf24, 1920×1080/24/1:1SF) is the original PsF format, which is used in professional equipment for film-to-video transfer, for high definition mastering and for video exchange between networks. This may be the first universal video standard which transcends continental boundaries, an area previously reserved for film.<ref>{{cite web |
* '''25PsF''' (1080sf25, 1920×1080/25/1:1SF) is used in 50 Hz systems for production that originates on video and is targeted for television distribution.
* '''29.97PsF''' (1080sf29, 1920×1080/29.97/1:1SF) formats are sometimes used in 60 Hz systems for sitcoms and music shows.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.avsforum.com/avs-vb/showthread.php?p=13998888#post13998888|title='Beside You in Time' by Nine Inch Nails was encoded as interlaced.|date=March 2005 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Deering |first=Kris |date=November, 2008 |title=Sony BDP-S350 Blu-ray Player review |url=http://hometheatermag.com/discplayers/sony_bdp-s350_blu-ray_player/ |
==References==
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