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==Other characterizations==
All square triangular numbers have the form <math>b^2c^2</math>, where <math>\tfrac{b}{c}</math> is a [[Convergent (continued fraction)|convergent]] to the [[simple continued fraction|continued fraction expansion]] of <math>\sqrt2</math>, the [[square root of 2]].<ref name=Ball>
{{cite book | last1 = Ball | first1 = W. W. Rouse |author-link1 = W. W. Rouse Ball | last2 = Coxeter | first2 = H. S. M. |author-link2 = Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter | title = Mathematical Recreations and Essays | url = https://archive.org/details/mathematicalrecr00coxe | url-access = limited | publisher = Dover Publications | ___location = New York | year = 1987 | page = [https://archive.org/details/mathematicalrecr00coxe/page/n72 59]| isbn = 978-0-486-25357-2 }}
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