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Dark matter decay and [[supersymmetry]] provide one possibility, in which decaying dark matter scenarios introduce a rich array of novel processes that can alter light elements during and after BBN, and find the well-motivated origin in supersymmetric cosmologies. With the fully operational [[Large Hadron Collider]] (LHC), much of minimal supersymmetry lies within reach, which would revolutionize particle physics and cosmology if discovered;<ref name="fields11" /> however, results from the ATLAS experiment in 2020 have excluded many supersymmetric models.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Collaboration|first=Atlas|year=2021|title=Search for squarks and gluinos in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum using 139 fb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}$ =13 TeV $pp$ collision data with the ATLAS detector|journal=Jhep |volume=02 |page=143 |language=en|doi=10.1007/JHEP02(2021)143|arxiv=2010.14293 |s2cid=256039464 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sutter|first=Paul|date=2021-01-07|title=From squarks to gluinos: It's not looking good for supersymmetry|url=https://www.space.com/no-signs-supersymmetry-large-hadron-collider|access-date=2021-10-29|website=Space.com|language=en}}</ref>
Changing [[fundamental constants]] can be one possible solution, and it implies that first, atomic transitions in metals residing in high-[[redshift]] regions might behave differently from our own. Additionally, Standard Model couplings and particle masses might vary
Nonstandard cosmologies indicate variation of the baryon to photon ratio in different regions. One proposal is a result of large-scale inhomogeneities in cosmic density, different from homogeneity defined in the [[cosmological principle]]. However, this possibility requires a large amount of observations to test it.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Holder|first1=Gilbert P.|last2=Nollett|first2=Kenneth M.|last3=van Engelen|first3=Alexander|date=June 2010|title=On Possible Variation in the Cosmological Baryon Fraction|journal=Astrophysical Journal|language=en|volume=716|issue=2|pages=907–913|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/716/2/907|arxiv=0907.3919 |bibcode=2010ApJ...716..907H |issn=0004-637X|doi-access=free}}</ref>
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