Content deleted Content added
→Accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft: Moved flight 1121 from structural failures to section on control system failures, since it was a control cable failure. Added brief descriptor for each category/section. Added Aeromexico after the PSA entry. Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
m Fixed formatting goofs Tags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
||
Line 30:
===Controls damaged by engine failure===
In these incidents, a failure of propulsion systems (engine, fan, propeller, pumps) caused damage to control systems.
*[[Eastern Air Lines Flight 935]], a [[Lockheed L-1011 TriStar]], on September 22, 1981. Suffered an uncontained failure of the No. 2 engine on takeoff from Newark, New Jersey. The crew were able to land the aircraft safely at [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]] with some limited use of the outboard spoilers, the inboard ailerons and the horizontal stabilizer, plus the differential engine power of the remaining two engines.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.airdisaster.com/reports/ntsb/AAR82-05.pdf |title=Aircraft Accident Report |access-date=2014-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615031242/http://www.airdisaster.com/reports/ntsb/AAR82-05.pdf |archive-date=2011-06-15 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>
Line 59:
===Control system mechanical failures===
In these incidents, there was a failure of control system components themselves (e.g. cables, hydraulics, flaps, slats, ailerons, rudder, stabilizer, trim tabs, auto-pilot).
*[[United Airlines Flight 585]], [[Boeing 737]], March 3, 1991. The hydraulic servo that controlled the rudder had an un-commanded actuation, resulting in a [[Boeing 737 rudder issues|"hardover"]] where the rudder unexpectedly reversed. All 20 passengers and 5 crew members were killed when the pilots were unable to regain control, and the aircraft slammed into the ground and exploded.
Line 72:
*[[Air Moorea Flight 1121]], a [[de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter]], on 9 August 2007. Deterioration of the elevator cable from frequent takeoffs and landings, and likely jet-blast from larger aircraft, caused the cable to snap one minute after takeoff. The plane then nosedived and crashed into the ocean near [[Moorea-Temae Airport]] soon afterwards, killing all 19 passengers and the sole pilot.
===Control failures due to maintenance errors===
In these incidents, the failure of control system components was caused by improper installation or adjustment of control systems components by maintenance personnel.
Line 82 ⟶ 80:
*[[Air Midwest Flight 5481]], a [[Beechcraft 1900D]], on 8 January 2003. On takeoff from [[Charlotte/Douglas International Airport]], the aircraft pitched up and stalled, despite the captain attempting to push the yoke for full elevator down. The aircraft smashed into a US Airways hangar 37 seconds later, killing all 21 passengers and crew aboard and injuring one person on the ground. The NTSB found out that the plane had been overweight and that during maintenance, the tension turnbuckles that governed elevator movement had been set incorrectly by an inexperienced mechanic. This caused the elevators to lose control authority upon takeoff.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ntsb.gov/doclib/reports/2004/AAR0401.pdf |title=Loss of Pitch Control During Takeoff Air Midwest Flight 5481 Raytheon (Beechcraft) 1900D, N233YV Charlotte, North Carolina January 8, 2003 |date= |access-date=2014-03-08}}</ref>
===Controls damaged by explosive device/weapons===
Line 104 ⟶ 100:
*[[Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 182]], September 25, 1978. The [[Boeing 727]] collided with a [[Cessna 172]] single engined aircraft over San Diego, CA. The damage to the 727's right wing control surfaces and control system hydraulics made the aircraft uncontrollable. All 135 people aboard the 727, both pilots in the Cessna, and 7 people on the ground were killed, for a total of 144 fatalities.
*[[Aeroméxico Flight 498]], August 25, 1986, [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9]]. In an accident strikingly similar to PSA 182, a private, single engined [[Piper PA-28 Cherokee|Piper Cherokee Archer]] strayed into the TCA control area, and collided with the DC-9’s vertical stabilizer, separating it and much of the rudder. Without the vertical stabilizer, the DC-9 entered an inverted dive and slammed into a residential area, killing all 58 passengers and 6 crew, plus 15 fatalities on the ground. The pilot and two passengers in the Piper were decapitated when they slammed into the DC-9’s vertical stabilizer. This incident and PSA 182 led to the creation of tightly regulated [[Class B airspace]] around the nation’s busiest airports.▼
▲[[Aeroméxico Flight 498]], August 25, 1986, [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9]]. In an accident strikingly similar to PSA 182, a private, single engined [[Piper PA-28 Cherokee|Piper Cherokee Archer]] strayed into the TCA control area, and collided with the DC-9’s vertical stabilizer, separating it and much of the rudder. Without the vertical stabilizer, the DC-9 entered an inverted dive and slammed into a residential area, killing all 58 passengers and 6 crew, plus 15 fatalities on the ground. The pilot and two passengers in the Piper were decapitated when they slammed into the DC-9’s vertical stabilizer. This incident and PSA 182 led to the creation of tightly regulated [[Class B airspace]] around the nation’s busiest airports.
{{clear}}
| |||