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In science and engineering, the terms ''data processing'' and ''[[information system]]s'' are considered too broad, and the term ''data processing'' is typically used for the initial stage followed by a [[data analysis]] in the second stage of the overall data handling.
Data analysis uses specialized [[algorithm]]s and [[statistical]] calculations that are less often observed in a typical general business environment. For data analysis, software suites like [[SPSS]] or [[SAS (software)|SAS]], or their free counterparts such as [[DAP (software)|DAP]], [[gretl]], or [[PSPP]] are often used. These tools are usually helpful for processing various huge data sets, as they are able to handle enormous amount of statistical analysis.<ref>{{Cite journal |
==Systems==
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