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The following [[software development kit]]s can be used to run quantum circuits on prototype quantum devices, as well as on simulators.
====
{{Main|Cirq}}▼
An open-source project created by {{interlanguage link|Quandela|fr}} for designing photonic quantum circuits and developing quantum algorithms, based on [[Python (programming language)|Python]]. Simulations are run either on the user's own computer or on the [[cloud computing|cloud]]. Perceval is also used to connect to Quandela's cloud-based [[List of quantum processors|photonic quantum processor]].<ref>{{cite news |title=La puissance d'un ordinateur quantique testée en ligne (The power of a quantum computer tested online) |newspaper=Le Monde.fr |date=November 22, 2022 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/sciences/article/2022/11/22/la-puissance-d-un-ordinateur-quantique-testee-en-ligne_6151063_1650684.html |publisher=Le Monde}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Heurtel |first1=Nicolas |last2=Fyrillas |first2=Andreas |last3=de Gliniasty |first3=Grégoire |last4=Le Bihan |first4=Raphaël |last5=Malherbe |first5=Sébastien |last6=Pailhas |first6=Marceau |last7=Bertasi |first7=Eric |last8=Bourdoncle |first8=Boris |last9=Emeriau |first9=Pierre-Emmanuel |last10=Mezher |first10=Rawad |last11=Music |first11=Luka |last12=Belabas |first12=Nadia |last13=Valiron |first13=Benoît |last14=Senellart |first14=Pascale |last15=Mansfield |first15=Shane |last16=Senellart |first16=Jean |title=Perceval: A Software Platform for Discrete Variable Photonic Quantum Computing |journal=Quantum |date=February 21, 2023 |volume=7 |page=931 |doi=10.22331/q-2023-02-21-931 |arxiv=2204.00602 |bibcode=2023Quant...7..931H |s2cid=247922568 |url=https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2023-02-21-931/}}</ref>▼
An open source project developed by [[Google]], which uses the [[Python programming]] language to create and manipulate quantum circuits. Programs written in Cirq can be run on [[IonQ]], [[Pasqal]],<ref name="auto"/> [[Rigetti Computing|Rigetti]], and [[Alpine Quantum Technologies]].<ref name="auto2"/>▼
An open source project developed by [[Rigetti]], which uses the [[Python programming]] language to create and manipulate quantum circuits. Results are obtained either using simulators or prototype quantum devices provided by Rigetti. As well as the ability to create programs using basic quantum operations, higher level algorithms are available within the Grove package.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://grove-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/|title=Welcome to the Documentation for Grove! — Grove 1.7.0 documentation|website=grove-docs.readthedocs.io}}</ref> Forest is based on the [[Quil (instruction set architecture)|Quil]] instruction set.▼
==== Ocean ====
An [[open source]] suite of tools developed by D-Wave. Written mostly in the Python programming language, it enables users to formulate problems in Ising Model and Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization formats (QUBO). Results can be obtained by submitting to an online quantum computer in Leap, D-Wave's real-time Quantum Application Environment, customer-owned machines, or classical samplers.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}
[[File:QProg1-Refreshed.png|thumb|350x350px|A sample code using projectq with Python]]
An [[open-source software|open-source]] [[Python (programming language)|Python]] library developed by [[Xanadu Quantum Technologies]] for [[differentiable programming]] of quantum computers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PennyLane Documentation — PennyLane 0.14.1 documentation|url=https://pennylane.readthedocs.io/en/stable/|access-date=2021-03-26|website=pennylane.readthedocs.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-17|title=AWS joins PennyLane, an open-source framework that melds machine learning with quantum computing|url=https://siliconangle.com/2021/02/17/aws-throws-weight-behind-pennylane-open-source-framework-melds-machine-learning-quantum-computing/|access-date=2021-03-26|website=SiliconANGLE|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-26|title=SD Times Open-Source Project of the Week: PennyLane|url=https://sdtimes.com/open-source/sd-times-open-source-project-of-the-week-pennylane/|access-date=2021-03-26|website=SD Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Salamone|first=Salvatore|date=2020-12-13|title=Real-time Analytics News Roundup for Week Ending December 12|url=https://www.rtinsights.com/real-time-analytics-news-roundup-for-week-ending-december-12/|access-date=2021-03-26|website=RTInsights|language=en-US}}</ref> PennyLane provides users the ability to create models using [[TensorFlow]], [[NumPy]], or [[PyTorch]], and connect them with quantum computer backends available from [[IBM Quantum Experience|IBMQ]], [[Google|Google Quantum]], [[Rigetti Computing|Rigetti]], [[Quantinuum]]<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.quantinuum.com/|title=Accelerating Quantum Computing|website=www.quantinuum.com}}</ref> and [[Alpine Quantum Technologies]].<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aqt.eu/|title=Home|website=AQT | ALPINE QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Plugins and ecosystem — PennyLane|url=https://pennylane.ai/plugins.html|access-date=2021-03-26|website=pennylane.ai|language=en}}</ref>▼
==== Perceval ====
▲An open-source project created by {{interlanguage link|Quandela|fr}} for designing photonic quantum circuits and developing quantum algorithms, based on [[Python (programming language)|Python]]. Simulations are run either on the user's own computer or on the [[cloud computing|cloud]]. Perceval is also used to connect to Quandela's cloud-based [[List of quantum processors|photonic quantum processor]].<ref>{{cite news |title=La puissance d'un ordinateur quantique testée en ligne (The power of a quantum computer tested online) |newspaper=Le Monde.fr |date=November 22, 2022 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/sciences/article/2022/11/22/la-puissance-d-un-ordinateur-quantique-testee-en-ligne_6151063_1650684.html |publisher=Le Monde}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Heurtel |first1=Nicolas |last2=Fyrillas |first2=Andreas |last3=de Gliniasty |first3=Grégoire |last4=Le Bihan |first4=Raphaël |last5=Malherbe |first5=Sébastien |last6=Pailhas |first6=Marceau |last7=Bertasi |first7=Eric |last8=Bourdoncle |first8=Boris |last9=Emeriau |first9=Pierre-Emmanuel |last10=Mezher |first10=Rawad |last11=Music |first11=Luka |last12=Belabas |first12=Nadia |last13=Valiron |first13=Benoît |last14=Senellart |first14=Pascale |last15=Mansfield |first15=Shane |last16=Senellart |first16=Jean |title=Perceval: A Software Platform for Discrete Variable Photonic Quantum Computing |journal=Quantum |date=February 21, 2023 |volume=7 |page=931 |doi=10.22331/q-2023-02-21-931 |arxiv=2204.00602 |bibcode=2023Quant...7..931H |s2cid=247922568 |url=https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2023-02-21-931/}}</ref>
==== ProjectQ ====
An open source project developed at the Institute for Theoretical Physics at [[ETH]], which uses the [[Python programming]] language to create and manipulate quantum circuits.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://projectq.ch/|title=Home}}</ref> Results are obtained either using a simulator, or by sending jobs to IBM quantum devices.
====
An open source full-stack API for quantum simulation, quantum hardware control and calibration developed by multiple research laboratories, including [[Technology Innovation Institute|QRC]], [[Centre for Quantum Technologies|CQT]] and [[Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare|INFN]]. [https://github.com/qiboteam/qibo Qibo] is a modular framework which includes multiple backends for quantum simulation and hardware control.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Efthymiou |first1=Stavros |last2=Ramos-Calderer |first2=Sergi |last3=Bravo-Prieto |first3=Carlos |last4=Pérez-Salinas |first4=Adrián |last5=García-Martín |first5=Diego |last6=Garcia-Saez |first6=Artur |last7=Latorre |first7=José Ignacio |last8=Carrazza |first8=Stefano |date=2022-01-01 |title=Qibo: a framework for quantum simulation with hardware acceleration |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2058-9565/ac39f5 |journal=Quantum Science and Technology |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=015018 |doi=10.1088/2058-9565/ac39f5 |arxiv=2009.01845 |bibcode=2022QS&T....7a5018E |hdl=2434/887963 |s2cid=221507478 |issn=2058-9565}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Efthymiou |first1=Stavros |last2=Lazzarin |first2=Marco |last3=Pasquale |first3=Andrea |last4=Carrazza |first4=Stefano |date=2022-09-22 |title=Quantum simulation with just-in-time compilation |url=https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2022-09-22-814/ |journal=Quantum |language=en-GB |volume=6 |pages=814 |doi=10.22331/q-2022-09-22-814|arxiv=2203.08826 |bibcode=2022Quant...6..814E |s2cid=247518955 |doi-access=free }}</ref> This project aims at providing a platform agnostic quantum hardware control framework with drivers for multiple instruments<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/qiboteam/qibolab|title=Qibolab|date=November 2, 2022|via=GitHub}}</ref> and tools for quantum calibration, characterization and validation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/qiboteam/qibocal|title=Qibocal|date=November 1, 2022|via=GitHub}}</ref> This framework focuses on self-hosted quantum devices by simplifying the software development required in labs.▼
[[Eclipse Qrisp|Qrisp]]<ref>{{cite web|title = Qrisp official website|url=https://www.qrisp.eu/}}</ref> is an open source project coordinated by the [[Eclipse Foundation]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Eclipse Foundation (website) |url=https://www.eclipse.org/org/foundation/}}</ref> and developed in [[Python programming]] by [[Fraunhofer FOKUS]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Fraunhofer FOKUS (website) |url=https://www.fokus.fraunhofer.de/}}</ref>▼
Qrisp is a high-level programming language for creating and compiling quantum algorithms. Its structured programming model enables scalable development and maintenance. The expressive syntax is based on variables instead of qubits, with the QuantumVariable as core class, and functions instead of gates. Additional tools, such as a performant simulator and automatic uncomputation, complement the extensive framework.▼
Furthermore, it is platform independent, since it offers alternative compilation of elementary functions down to the circuit level, based on device-specific gate sets.▼
==== Qiskit ====
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An open source project developed by [[IBM]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qiskit.org/|title=qiskit.org|website=qiskit.org}}</ref> Quantum circuits are created and manipulated using [[Python (programming language)|Python]]. Results are obtained either using simulators that run on the user's own device, simulators provided by IBM or prototype quantum devices provided by IBM. As well as the ability to create programs using basic quantum operations, higher level tools for algorithms and benchmarking are available within specialized packages.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://qiskit.org/overview/ |title=Qiskit Overview |access-date=2021-02-10}}</ref> Qiskit is based on the [[OpenQASM]] standard for representing quantum circuits. It also supports pulse level control of quantum systems via QiskitPulse standard.<ref>{{cite arXiv |eprint=1809.03452|title=Qiskit Backend Specifications for OpenQASM and OpenPulse Experiments|last1=McKay|first1=David C.|last2=Alexander|first2=Thomas|last3=Bello|first3=Luciano|last4=Biercuk|first4=Michael J.|last5=Bishop|first5=Lev|last6=Chen|first6=Jiayin|last7=Chow|first7=Jerry M.|last8=Córcoles|first8=Antonio D.|last9=Egger|first9=Daniel|last10=Filipp|first10=Stefan|last11=Gomez|first11=Juan|last12=Hush|first12=Michael|last13=Javadi-Abhari|first13=Ali|last14=Moreda|first14=Diego|last15=Nation|first15=Paul|last16=Paulovicks|first16=Brent|last17=Winston|first17=Erick|last18=Wood|first18=Christopher J.|last19=Wootton|first19=James|last20=Gambetta|first20=Jay M.|year=2018|class=quant-ph}}</ref>
====
▲[[Eclipse Qrisp|Qrisp]]<ref>{{cite web|title = Qrisp official website|url=https://www.qrisp.eu/}}</ref> is an open source project coordinated by the [[Eclipse Foundation]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Eclipse Foundation (website) |url=https://www.eclipse.org/org/foundation/}}</ref> and developed in [[Python programming]] by [[Fraunhofer FOKUS]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Fraunhofer FOKUS (website) |url=https://www.fokus.fraunhofer.de/}}</ref>
▲An open source full-stack API for quantum simulation, quantum hardware control and calibration developed by multiple research laboratories, including [[Technology Innovation Institute|QRC]], [[Centre for Quantum Technologies|CQT]] and [[Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare|INFN]]. [https://github.com/qiboteam/qibo Qibo] is a modular framework which includes multiple backends for quantum simulation and hardware control.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Efthymiou |first1=Stavros |last2=Ramos-Calderer |first2=Sergi |last3=Bravo-Prieto |first3=Carlos |last4=Pérez-Salinas |first4=Adrián |last5=García-Martín |first5=Diego |last6=Garcia-Saez |first6=Artur |last7=Latorre |first7=José Ignacio |last8=Carrazza |first8=Stefano |date=2022-01-01 |title=Qibo: a framework for quantum simulation with hardware acceleration |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2058-9565/ac39f5 |journal=Quantum Science and Technology |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=015018 |doi=10.1088/2058-9565/ac39f5 |arxiv=2009.01845 |bibcode=2022QS&T....7a5018E |hdl=2434/887963 |s2cid=221507478 |issn=2058-9565}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Efthymiou |first1=Stavros |last2=Lazzarin |first2=Marco |last3=Pasquale |first3=Andrea |last4=Carrazza |first4=Stefano |date=2022-09-22 |title=Quantum simulation with just-in-time compilation |url=https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2022-09-22-814/ |journal=Quantum |language=en-GB |volume=6 |pages=814 |doi=10.22331/q-2022-09-22-814|arxiv=2203.08826 |bibcode=2022Quant...6..814E |s2cid=247518955 |doi-access=free }}</ref> This project aims at providing a platform agnostic quantum hardware control framework with drivers for multiple instruments<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/qiboteam/qibolab|title=Qibolab|date=November 2, 2022|via=GitHub}}</ref> and tools for quantum calibration, characterization and validation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/qiboteam/qibocal|title=Qibocal|date=November 1, 2022|via=GitHub}}</ref> This framework focuses on self-hosted quantum devices by simplifying the software development required in labs.
▲Qrisp is a high-level programming language for creating and compiling quantum algorithms. Its structured programming model enables scalable development and maintenance. The expressive syntax is based on variables instead of qubits, with the QuantumVariable as core class, and functions instead of gates. Additional tools, such as a performant simulator and automatic uncomputation, complement the extensive framework.
▲Furthermore, it is platform independent, since it offers alternative compilation of elementary functions down to the circuit level, based on device-specific gate sets.
====
A project developed by [[Microsoft]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/quantum/|title=Azure Quantum documentation, QDK & Q# API reference - Azure Quantum|website=learn.microsoft.com}}</ref> as part of the [[.NET Framework]]. Quantum programs can be written and run within [[Visual Studio]] and [[VSCode]] using the quantum programming language Q#. Programs developed in the QDK can be run on Microsoft's [[Azure Quantum]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/quantum/overview-azure-quantum|title=What is Azure Quantum? - Azure Quantum|website=learn.microsoft.com|date=January 11, 2023 }}</ref> and run on quantum computers from [[Quantinuum]],<ref name="auto1"/> [[IonQ]], and [[Pasqal]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://pasqal.io/|title=PASQAL|website=PASQAL}}</ref>▼
▲An open source project developed by [[Rigetti]], which uses the [[Python programming]] language to create and manipulate quantum circuits. Results are obtained either using simulators or prototype quantum devices provided by Rigetti. As well as the ability to create programs using basic quantum operations, higher level algorithms are available within the Grove package.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://grove-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/|title=Welcome to the Documentation for Grove! — Grove 1.7.0 documentation|website=grove-docs.readthedocs.io}}</ref> Forest is based on the [[Quil (instruction set architecture)|Quil]] instruction set.
▲==== t|ket> ====
A quantum programming environment and optimizing compiler developed by [[Cambridge Quantum Computing]] that targets simulators and several quantum hardware back-ends, released in December 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=pytket|website=[[GitHub]]|date=22 January 2022|url=https://github.com/CQCL/pytket}}</ref>▼
==== Strawberry Fields ====
An [[open-source software|open-source]] [[Python (programming language)|Python]] [[Library (computing)|library]] developed by [[Xanadu Quantum Technologies]] for designing, simulating, and optimizing [[Continuous-variable quantum information|continuous variable]] (CV) [[Quantum optics|quantum optical]] circuits.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Strawberry Fields — Strawberry Fields 0.8.0 documentation|url=https://strawberryfields.readthedocs.io/en/latest/|access-date=2018-09-25|website=strawberryfields.readthedocs.io|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Killoran|first1=Nathan|last2=Izaac|first2=Josh|last3=Quesada|first3=Nicolás|last4=Bergholm|first4=Ville|last5=Amy|first5=Matthew|last6=Weedbrook|first6=Christian|year=2019|title=Strawberry Fields: A Software Platform for Photonic Quantum Computing|journal=Quantum|volume=3|pages=129|arxiv=1804.03159|doi=10.22331/q-2019-03-11-129|bibcode=2019Quant...3..129K |s2cid=54763305}}</ref> Three simulators are provided - one in the [[Fock state|Fock basis]], one using the Gaussian formulation of quantum optics,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Weedbrook|first1=Christian|last2=Pirandola|first2=Stefano|last3=García-Patrón|first3=Raúl|last4=Cerf|first4=Nicolas J.|last5=Ralph|first5=Timothy C.|last6=Shapiro|first6=Jeffrey H.|last7=Lloyd|first7=Seth|date=2012-05-01|title=Gaussian quantum information|journal=Reviews of Modern Physics|volume=84|issue=2|pages=621–669|arxiv=1110.3234|bibcode=2012RvMP...84..621W|doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.84.621|s2cid=119250535}}</ref> and one using the [[TensorFlow]] machine learning library. Strawberry Fields is also the library for executing programs on Xanadu's quantum photonic hardware.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hardware — Strawberry Fields|url=https://strawberryfields.ai/photonics/hardware/index.html|access-date=2021-03-26|website=strawberryfields.ai}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=In the Race to Hundreds of Qubits, Photons May Have "Quantum Advantage"|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/race-to-hundreds-of-photonic-qubits-xanadu-scalable-photon|access-date=2021-03-26|website=IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News|date=5 March 2021|language=en}}</ref>
====
▲A quantum programming environment and optimizing compiler developed by [[Cambridge Quantum Computing]] that targets simulators and several quantum hardware back-ends, released in December 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=pytket|website=[[GitHub]]|date=22 January 2022|url=https://github.com/CQCL/pytket}}</ref>
▲An [[open-source software|open-source]] [[Python (programming language)|Python]] library developed by [[Xanadu Quantum Technologies]] for [[differentiable programming]] of quantum computers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PennyLane Documentation — PennyLane 0.14.1 documentation|url=https://pennylane.readthedocs.io/en/stable/|access-date=2021-03-26|website=pennylane.readthedocs.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-17|title=AWS joins PennyLane, an open-source framework that melds machine learning with quantum computing|url=https://siliconangle.com/2021/02/17/aws-throws-weight-behind-pennylane-open-source-framework-melds-machine-learning-quantum-computing/|access-date=2021-03-26|website=SiliconANGLE|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-26|title=SD Times Open-Source Project of the Week: PennyLane|url=https://sdtimes.com/open-source/sd-times-open-source-project-of-the-week-pennylane/|access-date=2021-03-26|website=SD Times|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Salamone|first=Salvatore|date=2020-12-13|title=Real-time Analytics News Roundup for Week Ending December 12|url=https://www.rtinsights.com/real-time-analytics-news-roundup-for-week-ending-december-12/|access-date=2021-03-26|website=RTInsights|language=en-US}}</ref> PennyLane provides users the ability to create models using [[TensorFlow]], [[NumPy]], or [[PyTorch]], and connect them with quantum computer backends available from [[IBM Quantum Experience|IBMQ]], [[Google|Google Quantum]], [[Rigetti Computing|Rigetti]], [[Quantinuum]]<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.quantinuum.com/|title=Accelerating Quantum Computing|website=www.quantinuum.com}}</ref> and [[Alpine Quantum Technologies]].<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aqt.eu/|title=Home|website=AQT | ALPINE QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Plugins and ecosystem — PennyLane|url=https://pennylane.ai/plugins.html|access-date=2021-03-26|website=pennylane.ai|language=en}}</ref>
▲A project developed by [[Microsoft]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/quantum/|title=Azure Quantum documentation, QDK & Q# API reference - Azure Quantum|website=learn.microsoft.com}}</ref> as part of the [[.NET Framework]]. Quantum programs can be written and run within [[Visual Studio]] and [[VSCode]] using the quantum programming language Q#. Programs developed in the QDK can be run on Microsoft's [[Azure Quantum]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/quantum/overview-azure-quantum|title=What is Azure Quantum? - Azure Quantum|website=learn.microsoft.com|date=January 11, 2023 }}</ref> and run on quantum computers from [[Quantinuum]],<ref name="auto1"/> [[IonQ]], and [[Pasqal]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://pasqal.io/|title=PASQAL|website=PASQAL}}</ref>
▲==== Cirq ====
▲{{Main|Cirq}}
▲An open source project developed by [[Google]], which uses the [[Python programming]] language to create and manipulate quantum circuits. Programs written in Cirq can be run on [[IonQ]], [[Pasqal]],<ref name="auto"/> [[Rigetti Computing|Rigetti]], and [[Alpine Quantum Technologies]].<ref name="auto2"/>
== Quantum programming languages ==
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