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Power transitions play an important role in applications of the [[bargaining model of war]] where wars are more likely to break out and be severe in situations of uncertainty and of commitment problems. During power transitions, it is harder for actors to credibly commit to abide by any agreement, thus creating major commitment problems.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last= Powell |first= Robert|date=2006|title=War as a Commitment Problem|url= http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818306060061 |journal=International Organization|volume= 60|issue= 1|pages= |doi= 10.1017/s0020818306060061|s2cid= 15861342|issn= 0020-8183|via= }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last= Weisiger|first= Alex|date= 2013|title= Logics of War: Explanations for Limited and Unlimited Conflicts|url= https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt1xx5pk |language= en|publisher=Cornell University Press|volume= |pages= |jstor= 10.7591/j.ctt1xx5pk|isbn= 9780801451867 |via= }}</ref>
International relations scholars [[Randall Schweller]] and Xiaoyu Pu find that the challenger not only seeks to increase its material power but also to promote its own ideological and normative frameworks as alternatives to those propagated by the hegemon.<ref>Schweller, R. L., & Pu, X. (2011). After unipolarity: China's visions of international order in an era of US decline. ''International security'', ''36''(1), 41-72.</ref>
[[Michael Beckley (political scientist) |Michael Beckley]], writing in 2023, states that conflict between [[great power]]s can happen even when a power transition does not appear to be likely. He argues that rising powers have historically <blockquote>"lashed out when they realized that they would not catch their rivals or achieve their grand ambitions—unless they took drastic action. These peaking power dynamics help explain some of the most consequential geopolitical events of the past 150 years, including the surge of [[U.S. imperialism]] in the late nineteenth century, the outbreak of World War II, and Russia's 2014 [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation| annexation of Crimea]] and [[Russo-Ukrainian War | intervention in eastern Ukraine]]."<ref>{{Cite journal |last= Beckley |first=Michael |date= 2023 |title=The Peril of Peaking Powers: Economic Slowdowns and Implications for China's Next Decade |url= https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00463 |journal= International Security|volume=48 |pages=7–46 |doi=10.1162/isec_a_00463 |s2cid=260736779 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
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