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Introversion is the state of primarily obtaining gratification from one's own mental life.<ref name= "mw"/> Introverts are typically perceived as more [[wikt:reserved|reserved]] or [[wikt:reflective|reflective]].<ref name="Extraversion or Introversion"/> Some popular psychologists have characterized introverts as people whose [[Energy (psychological)|energy]] tends to expand through reflection and dwindle during interaction. This is similar to Jung's view, although he focused on mental energy rather than physical energy. Few modern conceptions make this distinction. Introverts often take pleasure in [[wikt:solitary|solitary]] activities such as reading, writing, or meditating. An introvert is likely to enjoy time spent alone and find less reward in time spent with large groups of people. Introverts are easily overwhelmed by too much stimulation from social gatherings and engagement, introversion having even been defined by some in terms of a preference for a quiet, more minimally stimulating external environment.<ref name="CainQuiet">Cain, Susan, ''[[Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking]]'', Crown Publishing 2012: quoted by Szalavitz, Maia, [http://healthland.time.com/2012/01/27/mind-reading-qa-with-susan-cain-on-the-power-of-introverts/ "'Mind Reading': Q&A with Susan Cain on the Power of Introverts"] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20120302181731/http://healthland.time.com/2012/01/27/mind-reading-qa-with-susan-cain-on-the-power-of-introverts/ WebCite archive]), ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' Healthland, January 27, 2012; and [[Gareth Cook|Cook, Gareth]], [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=the-power-of-introverts&print=true "The Power of Introverts: A Manifesto for Quiet Brilliance"] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20120219210617/http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=the-power-of-introverts WebCite archive]), ''[[Scientific American]],'' January 24, 2012.</ref> They prefer to concentrate on a single activity at a time and like to observe situations before they participate, especially observed in developing children and adolescents.<ref name=intro>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g2602/is_0003/ai_2602000328 Introversion] ''Gale Encyclopedia of Childhood & Adolescence''. Gale Research, 1998.</ref> They are more analytical before speaking.<ref name="Laney, Marti Olsen 2002">Laney, Marti Olsen (2002), ''The Introvert Advantage: How to Thrive in an Extrovert World'', Workman Publishing. {{ISBN|0-7611-2369-5}}.</ref>
[[File:ExtrovertIntrovertSpectrum.png|thumb|''[[Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking|Quiet: The Power of Introverts...]]'' author [[Susan Cain]] defines introversion and extraversion in terms of preferences for different levels of stimulation—distinguishing it from shyness (fear of social judgment and humiliation).<ref name=TimeHealthland20120127>{{cite web | vauthors = Szalavitz, Maia,M | url = [http://healthland.time.com/2012/01/27/mind-reading-qa-with-susan-cain-on-the-power-of-introverts/ "'| title = Mind Reading': Q&A with Susan Cain on the Power of Introverts"] ({{webarchive | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120302181731/http://healthland.time.com/2012/01/27/mind-reading-qa-with-susan-cain-on-the-power-of-introverts/ | archive-date=2012-03-02 }})| work = ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' Healthland, | date = January 27, 2012. }}</ref>]]
Mistaking introversion for [[shyness]] is a common error. Introversion is a preference, while shyness stems from distress. Introverts prefer solitary to social activities, but do not necessarily fear social encounters like shy people do.<ref>[{{cite web | url = http://psychcentral.com/library/shyness.htm | title = All About Shyness] {{Webarchive| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160912041228/http://psychcentral.com/library/shyness.htm | archive-date=September 12, 2016 }}| Meredithvauthors = Whitten, M | work = Psych Central, | date = August 21, 2001; Accessed| access-date = 2007-08-02 }}</ref> [[Susan Cain]], author of the book ''[[Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking]]'', argues that modern [[Western culture]] misjudges the capabilities of introverted people, leading to a waste of talent, energy, and happiness.<ref name=GlorCBS_20120126>{{Cite news |title = 'Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking,' by Susan Cain | vauthors = Glor J |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/quiet-the-power-of-introverts-in-a-world-that-cant-stop-talking-by-susan-cain/ |publisher=CBS News |date=January 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712140541/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/quiet-the-power-of-introverts-in-a-world-that-cant-stop-talking-by-susan-cain/ |archive-date=July 12, 2023 |url-status=live }} (Glor's interview of Susan Cain)</ref> Cain describes how society is biased against introverts, and that, with people being taught from childhood that to be sociable is to be happy, introversion is now considered "somewhere between a disappointment and pathology".<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title = Book Review: Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking by Susan Cain | vauthors = Nair D |url=http://www.seattlepi.com/lifestyle/blogcritics/article/Book-Review-Quiet-The-Power-of-Introverts-in-a-3861336.php |date = September 12, 2012 |newspaper=Seattle Post-Intelligencer (SeattlePI.com) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712140541/https://www.seattlepi.com/lifestyle/blogcritics/article/book-review-quiet-the-power-of-introverts-in-a-3861336.php |archive-date= July 12, 2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> In contrast, Cain says that introversion is not a "second-class" trait but that both introverts and extraverts enrich society, with examples including the introverts [[Isaac Newton]], [[Albert Einstein]], [[Mahatma Gandhi]], [[Dr. Seuss]], [[W. B. Yeats]], [[Steven Spielberg]],<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Cain S |title=Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uyjf3uaQ4TwC |access-date=24 February 2019|isbn=9780307452207 |date=January 24, 2012 |publisher=Crown }}</ref> and [[Larry Page]].<ref name=":0" />
=== Ambiversion ===
== External links ==
{{Library resources box|by=no|onlinebooks=no|about=yes|wikititle=extraversion and introversion}}
* [{{cite web | vauthors = Cain S | url = http://www.cnn.com/2012/02/06/living/successful-introverts-o/index.html | title = Secrets of a super successful introvert] Susan| Cain articlework from [http://www.cnn.com/LIVING/= CNN Living] }}
* [{{cite web | vauthors = Cain S | url = http://www.ted.com/talks/susan_cain_the_power_of_introverts.html | work = TED talks –| Susantitle Cain:= The power of introverts] {{Webarchive| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120315111809/http://www.ted.com/talks/susan_cain_the_power_of_introverts.html | archive-date=March 15, 2012 }} talk by [[Susan Cain]], author of ''[[Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking]]'' (January 2012), talks about reasons we should celebrate and encourage introversion
* [{{cite web | vauthors = Helgoe L | date = September 1, 2010 | url = http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/201008/revenge-the-introvert | title = Revenge of the Introvert] Laurie| Helgoe'swork article= about introversion published in ''Psychology Today'' (2010)}}
* [{{cite web | vauthors = Jung CG | orig-date = 1921 | translator-last = Baynes HG | work = Classics in the History of Psychology | publisher = York University | ___location = Toronto, Ontario | url = http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Jung/types.htm | title = General description of the types] Jung's original article (1921)}}
* [{{cite web | vauthors = Jones D | date = September 3, 2011 | url = https://www.usatoday.com/money/companies/management/2006-06-06-shy-ceo-usat_x.htm ''| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110903170525/https://www.usatoday.com/money/companies/management/2006-06-06-shy-ceo-usat_x.htm | archive-date = September 3, 2011 | work = USA Today'' article| abouttitle CEO= introverts/extraverts]Not all successful CEOs are extroverts }}
* [{{cite web | vauthors = Rauch J | url = https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200303/rauch "| title = Caring for Your Introvert"] Article| inwork = ''[[The Atlantic]]'', | date = March 2003 }}
* [{{cite web | vauthors = Kaufman SB | date = June 9, 2014 | title = Will the Real Introverts Please Stand Up | url = http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/beautiful-minds/2014/06/09/will-the-real-introvert-stand-up/? ''Scientific| American''archive-url article= onhttps://web.archive.org/web/20140701084131/http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/beautiful-minds/2014/06/09/will-the-real-introvert-stand-up/ | archive-date = July 1, 2014 | work = Scientific American Introversion]}}
* [{{cite web | vauthors = Kaufman SB | date = September 29, 2014 | title = What Kind of Introvert Are You? | url = http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/beautiful-minds/2014/09/29/what-kind-of-introvert-are-you/? ''Scientific| American''archive-url blogs= https://web.archive.org/web/20141008142035/http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/beautiful-minds/2014/09/29/what-kind-of-introvert-are-you/ What| Kindarchive-date of= Introvert8 areOctober you?]2014 | work = Scientific American }}
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