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In [[linguistics]], '''modal particles''' are always [[uninflected word]]s, and are a type of [[grammatical particle]]. They are used toin indicatea howsentence theto speakeradd thinksextra thatmeaning, theparticularly content of the sentence relates to the participants'in [[groundingspoken in communication|common knowledgelanguage]].<ref>Fabian{{cite Brossweb (2012):|title=The [httpvarious meanings of modal particles |url=https://helikon-onlinelearngerman.dedw.com/2012en/Bross_Particles.pdf German the-various-meanings-of-modal -particles/l-61095657/gr-61546060 and the common ground]|website=learngerman. In: Helikondw.com A|publisher=[[Deutsche MultidisciplinaryWelle]] Online|access-date=3 Journal,February 2. 182-209.2025}}</ref> orModal toparticles addhave emotionvarious tofunctions, theincluding meaningadding ofemotion theor sentence.emphasis,<ref name="Zichtbaar Nederlands">{{Cite web|url=https://zichtbaarnederlands.nl/zn/bijwoord-modale_partikels.php?taal=en|title=Modal particles: even, eens, nou, maar, misschien, ...|date=November 29, 2018|website=Zichtbaar Nederlands}}</ref> Languagesor thatto useexpress manyhow modalsentence particlescontent in their spoken form includeis [[Dutchgrounding language|Dutch]],in [[Danish languagecommunication|Danishgrounded]], [[Germanin language|German]],common [[Hungarianknowledge language|Hungarian]],between [[Russianthe language|Russian]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Nepali language|Nepali]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], [[Sinitic languages]],speaker and [[Japanese language|Japanese]]participants.<ref>Fabian Bross (2012): [https://archive.today/20120219220327/http://dutchcentrehelikon-online.group.shef.ac.ukde/advanced.dutch.grammar2012/mod_parBross_Particles.php?PHPSESSID=c40f574d03dcb5ffb37b8e924fde3caaAdvancedpdf DutchGerman Grammar:politenessmodal -particles and Beleefdheidthe Modalcommon particle - Modale partikelsground] retrievedIn: 2009-01-01 and [https://booksHelikon.google.com/books?id=Q7MVBgAAQBAJ&dq=modal+particles+chinese&pg=PT3 ModalA ParticlesMultidisciplinary ByOnline Keith RobinsonJournal, Wang2. Lingli] retrieved 2015182-08-04209.</ref> The [[untranslatability|translation is often not straightforward]] and depends on the context.
Languages that use many modal particles in their spoken form include [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[Danish language|Danish]], [[German language|German]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Nepali language|Nepali]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], [[Sinitic languages]], and [[Japanese language|Japanese]].<ref>[https://archive.today/20120219220327/http://dutchcentre.group.shef.ac.uk/advanced.dutch.grammar/mod_par.php?PHPSESSID=c40f574d03dcb5ffb37b8e924fde3caaAdvanced Dutch Grammar:politeness - Beleefdheid Modal particle - Modale partikels] retrieved 2009-01-01 and [https://books.google.com/books?id=Q7MVBgAAQBAJ&dq=modal+particles+chinese&pg=PT3 Modal Particles By Keith Robinson, Wang Lingli] retrieved 2015-08-04</ref> Modal particles are often context-dependent and [[untranslatability|difficult to translate]].
==Examples==
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