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[[File:Cerebral hemisphere - animation.gif|thumb|alt=Diagram of the human brain.|upright=1.2|The human brain is divided into two [[hemispheres]]–left and right. Scientists continue to explore how some cognitive functions tend to be dominated by one side or the other; that is, how they are ''lateralized''.{{Legend|#F270F4|Right cerebral hemisphere}}{{Legend|#7086F4|Left cerebral hemisphere}}]]
The '''lateralization of brain function''' (or '''hemispheric dominance'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-24 |title=Left brain vs. right brain: How does one dominate? |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323892 |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=www.medicalnewstoday.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hemispheric differences and hemispheric dominance (video) |url=https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/behavior/biological-basis-of-behavior-ner/v/hemispheric-differences-and-hemispheric-dominance |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=Khan Academy |language=en}}</ref>/ lateralization<ref>{{Cite web |title=Localisation of Function in the brain and Hemispheric Lateralisation: motor, [[somatosensory]], visual, [[auditory]] and language centres; Broca's and Wernicke's areas, split brain research. Plasticity and Functional Recovery of the brain after trauma |url=https://www.psychologyhub.co.uk/student-resources/paper-2-biopsychology/brain-localisation-and-hemispheric-lateralisation/ |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=Psychology Hub |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lateralization of Brain Function - Simply Psychology |url=https://www.simplypsychology.org/brain-lateralization.html |access-date=2023-01-10 |website=www.simplypsychology.org}}</ref>) is the tendency for some neural functions or [[cognitive process]]es to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other. The [[median longitudinal fissure]] separates the [[human brain]] into two distinct [[cerebral hemisphere]]s, connected by the [[corpus callosum]]. Although the [[macrostructure]] of the two hemispheres appears to be almost identical, different composition of neuronal networks allows for specialized function that is different in each hemisphere.
Lateralization of brain structures is based on general trends expressed in healthy patients; however, there are numerous counterexamples to each generalization. Each human's brain develops differently, leading to unique lateralization in individuals. This is different from specialization, as lateralization refers only to the function of one structure divided between two hemispheres. Specialization is much easier to observe as a trend, since it has a stronger [[Anthropology|anthropological history]].<ref name="Halpern 2005">{{cite journal | vauthors = Halpern ME, Güntürkün O, Hopkins WD, Rogers LJ | title = Lateralization of the vertebrate brain: taking the side of model systems | journal = The Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 25 | issue = 45 | pages = 10351–10357 | date = November 2005 | pmid = 16280571 | pmc = 2654579 | doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3439-05.2005 }}</ref>
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