Conjugate variables: Difference between revisions

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* The ''[[angular momentum]]'' of a particle is the derivative of its action with respect to its ''[[orientation (geometry)|orientation]]'' (angular position).

* The ''[[Relativistic angular momentum#Dynamic mass moment|mass-moment]]'' (<math>\mathbf{N}=t\mathbf{p}-E\mathbf{r}</math>) of a particle is the negative of the derivative of its action with respect to its ''[[rapidity]]''.

* The ''[[electric potential]]'' (φ, [[voltage]]) and ''[[electric charge]]'' in a [[quantum LC circuit]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vool |first=Uri |last2=Devoret |first2=Michel |date=2017 |title=Introduction to quantum electromagnetic circuits |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cta.2359 |journal=International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications |language=en |volume=45 |issue=7 |pages=897–934 |doi=10.1002/cta.2359 |issn=1097-007X}}</ref>

* The ''[[electric potential]]'' (φ, [[voltage]]) at an event is the negative of the derivative of the action of the electromagnetic field with respect to the density of (free) ''[[electric charge]]'' at that event. {{citation needed|date=April 2013}}

* The ''[[Magnetic vector potential|magnetic potential]]'' ('''A''') at an event is the derivative of the action of the electromagnetic field with respect to the density of (free) ''[[electric current]]'' at that event. {{citation needed|date=April 2013}}

* The ''[[electric field]]'' ('''E''') at an event is the derivative of the action of the electromagnetic field with respect to the ''electric [[polarization density]]'' at that event. {{citation needed|date=April 2013}}